Metabolic Role of Lipids

Metabolic role of lipids
Name : RIMSHA
Registration No : BCH120202017
Course title : Nutritional

Biochemistry
Course code : BCHM-361-1
Instructor : Dr Naeem khan
Department : Chemistry
COURSE :Nutritional biochemistry , Reg no BCH120202017 , Department of chemistry - Submitted by Rimsha - Email rimikhan2002edu13579@gmail.com
 Content
• Lipids
• Triglycride
• Metabolic role of lipids
• Metabolic role of lipid catabolisim
• Metabolic role of lipid anaboisim
• Summary
• Conclusion
 What are lipids ?
Lipids are fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that are soluble

in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents such as
water.
Lipids include:
• Fats and oils (triglycerides)
• Phospholipids
• Waxes
• Steroids
• These molecules yield high energy and are

responsible for different functions within the human
body.
What are lipids?
• These molecules yield high energy and are responsible

for different functions within the human body.
• Lipids include fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids,
sterols, waxes, glycolipids and lipoproteins.
1. Fatty Acids–these are made up of chains of carbon, for
2 to 24 Carbons long. The building blocks of lipids are Fatty
acids and Glycerol.
Saturated fats– there are no double bonds.
Unsaturated fats–contain at least one double bond
2. Glycerides– it is important energy storage molecule.
Made from glycerol and fatty acids
What are lipids ?
a)Monoglyceride one fatty acid and glycerol.
b)Diglyceride two fatty acids and glycerol.
c)Triglyceride three fatty acids and glycerol.
3. Phospholipids–fundamental component of all cell

membranes. This is created by adding a polar phosphate
containing fatty acid to a diglyceride.
4. Sterols –contain a 4 fused carbon ring structure, most

important example is Cholesterol.
Triglycride:
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol) is an ester derived from
glycerol and three fatty acids .
 Triglycride
• Triglycerides are formed through dehydration reactions.

• The carboxyl group of each fatty acid loses one hydrogen
atom, and glycerol loses three –OH groups. This results in
the release of not one but three water molecules since
three fatty acids attach to glycerol, and therefore three
ester bonds form.
 Metabollic roles of lipid
• Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids
in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for
energy and the synthesis of structural and functional
lipids.
• Catabolism is the process of breaking down complex
molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the
process.
• Catabolism is also known as destructive metabolism,
• Anabolism is the process of using that energy to build

new, complex molecules.It is energy consuming process .
• Anabolic pathways are constructive forms.
Metabolic role of lipid catabolism
• The first step in lipid metabolism is the breakdown of

triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. This process,
known as lipolysis.
• The key regulatory enzymes involved in lipid metabolism
are acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which converts acetyl-CoA to
malonyl-CoA, the precursor for fatty acid synthesis, and
lipase, which breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids
and glycerol.
• The breakdown of fatty acids occurs in the mitochondria
through a process called beta-oxidation.
Metabolic role of lipid catabolisim
• During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into

acetyl-CoA.
• The acetyl groups produced during β-oxidation are
carried by coenzyme A to the Krebs cycle, and their
movement through this cycle results in their degradation
to CO2, producing ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
and additional NADH and FADH2 molecules
• So every acetyl CoA entering the citric acid cycle NADH
and FADH2 will be formed which involve in ATP
production .
• The number of acetyl-CoA molecules produced depends
on the length of the fatty acid chain .
Metabolic role of lipid catabolisim
 Metabolic role of lipid anabolisim
• Acetyl CoA is diverted to create ketone bodies which are

not recommended as a good source of energy because
ketone bodies are harmful .
• Extra acetyl CoA is converted into hydroxymethyl glutaryl
CoA (HMG CoA )which is precursor of cholestrol .
• Acetyl CoA is used where carbon unit is required .
• Acetyl-CoA plays an important regulatory role in
gluconeogenesis.
Metabolic role of lipid anabolisim
• Glycerol is gateway for passing lipid into

carbohydrate metabolisim .
• The glycerol that is released from triglycerides
after lipolysis directly enters the glycolysis
pathway as DHAP.
Metabolic role of lipid anabolisim
gluconeogenesis
 Summary
• Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and

degradation of lipids , involving the breakdown
or storage of fats for energy and the synthesis
of structural and functional lipids.
• Beta oxidation of the lipid invole in production
of acetyl CoA which further involve in ATP
production after entering the citric acid cycle .
• along that acetyl CoA invole in amino acid and
ketone bodies synthesis and has role in
gluconeogenesis.
 Conclusion
• The role of lipid metabolism includes the use of lipids
as an energy source, the synthesis of lipids for
structures such as cell membranes, as well as for
signaling.
• Triglycerides, which are one of the major forms of
lipids, can be broken down into glycerol and fatty
acids. Glycerol can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate to be used in glycolysis
• Fatty acids are broken down in the process of beta-
oxidation to produce acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2.
• Acetyl CoA can then enter the citric acid cycle, and
NADH and FADH2 can be used in oxidative
phosphorylation.
Conclusion
• Acetyl CoA can then enter the citric acid cycle, and
NADH and FADH2 can be used in oxidative
phosphorylation.
• Lipids are key elements in the structure,
biochemistry, physiology, and nutritional status of an
individual,
• Lipids are involved in: i) the cellular structure; ii) the
cellular energy reserve, iii) the formation of
regulatory metabolites etc.
 References
• Panickar KS, Bhathena SJ. Control of Fatty Acid Intake and
the Role of Essential Fatty Acids in Cognitive Function and
Neurological Disorders. In: Montmayeur JP, le Coutre J,
editors. Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive
Effects. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Boca Raton (FL): 2010.
• Egom EE, Hafeez H. Biochemistry of Statins. Adv Clin
Chem. 2016;73:127-68.
• CarpenterK.1998Early ideas on the nutritional
significance of lipids, J. Nutr. 128, 423S-426S.
References
• BurlingameB.NishidaC.UauyR.et al.2009Fats and fatty

acids in human nutrition; joint FAO/WHO Expert
Consultation. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 5513.
• rene Cetin, Gioia Alvino, Manuela
Cardellicchio.2009Long chain fatty acids and dietary
fats in fetal nutrition. J Physiol. 1534413451.
• Han Y, Willis M S. The Role of PCSK9 in Lipid
Metabolism and its Relationship to New Therapies for
Lowering Cholesterol and Reducing Cardiac Disease.
Journal of Cardiology and Therapy. 2015, 2(5):393-
399.

Metabolic Role of Lipids

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Metabolic role of lipids

Course title : Nutritional

Course code : BCHM-361-1

Instructor : Dr Naeem khan

Lipids are fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that are soluble

• These molecules yield high energy and are

• These molecules yield high energy and are responsible

3. Phospholipids–fundamental component of all cell

4. Sterols –contain a 4 fused carbon ring structure, most

• Triglycerides are formed through dehydration reactions.

• Anabolism is the process of using that energy to build

• The first step in lipid metabolism is the breakdown of

• During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into

• Acetyl CoA is diverted to create ketone bodies which are

• Glycerol is gateway for passing lipid into

• Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and

• BurlingameB.NishidaC.UauyR.et al.2009Fats and fatty

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