CDM-570L Satellite Modem

CDM-570L Satellite Modem
Training Manual
Comtech EFData
a division of
Comtech Telecommunications Corp.
Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 1

CDM-570L Training Outline
• Features, Options, & Product Family

• Design Overview
Interface Connections
Network features
Codec features
Performance
Application Features
Front Panel Display
• Operation and Configuration

 Basic Configuration Steps
 Additional Configuration Menus

• Test Modes & Trouble-shooting

CDM-570L Features
• 2.4kbps – 512kbps Data Rate --- Standard feature
• Viterbi Codec --- Standard feature
• BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK --- Standard feature
• Asymmetric Loop Timing - - - Standard feature
• EDMAC Management Channel- - - Standard feature
• EDMAC-2 Management Channel - - - Standard feature
• AUPC With use of EDMAC &(-2) - - - Standard feature
• FSK Communication to BUC - - - Standard feature
• Serial M&C remote port (232/485) - - - Standard feature
• Ethernet M&C remote port - - - Standard feature
• 255 Stored Event entries - - - Standard feature
• 255 Stored Link Statistical entries - - - Standard feature
• Flash memory programmable OS - - - Standard feature

CDM-570L Features
» Data Interfaces provided:
· RS-422 (provided on EIA-530 port) - - - Standard feature

· V.35 (provided on EIA-530 port) - - - Standard feature
· RS-232 (provided on EIA-530 port) - - - Standard feature
· G.703 Balanced (provided on 15-pin D-Sub) - - - Standard feature
· G.703 Un-Balanced (provided on BNC) --- Standard feature

CDM-570L Optional Features
-- FAST Options are available for after delivery upgrades

-- FAST Option upgrades are made via Front Panel with Code # entry:
• Increase Data Rate to 5Mbps - - - - (FAST Option)

• Add 8PSK - - - - (FAST Option)
• Addition of 16QAM - - - - (FAST Option)

CDM-570L Optional Features
» Codec Options:
• Addition of Reed-Solomon Codec Card - - - - (Hardware Option)
(Can be used with QPSK Vit., 8PSK-TCM, 16QAM Vit.)
• Addition of Turbo Codec Card - - - - (Hardware Option)

(Supports 1/2,3/4, 7/8, 0.95 QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-QAM)
» TCP/IP Router Module Board - - - (Hardware Option)

» Additional Option -- Quality of Service (4 Priority Parameters)
» Additional Option -- Header Compression
» Additional Option -- Payload Compression
» Additional Option – 3xDES Data Encryption
» 48 Volt DC supply - - - (Hardware Option)

Link Statistics Logging
» The modem continuously records average and minimum Eb/No over a user
defined time interval
» The modem continuously records average and maximum Transmit Power

Level Increase (TPLI) over the user defined interval if AUPC is enabled
» User-defined measurement interval: 10 min, 20 min, 30 min . . . , 90 min
» The Statistics Log can store 255 Eb/No and Tx level entries
» Log entries can be viewed on the front panel, downloaded via the M&C
port, also distant-end download is possible via EDMAC channel.
» CMCS software has a built-in scheduler feature to automatically download

the statistics log at user defined intervals for history file creation.

Event Logging
» The modem continuously records the date & time occurrence of Alarms
and Faults and also the date & time of recovery from Alarms and Faults.
» The Event Log can store 255 Alarm or Fault entries
» Log entries can be viewed on the front panel, downloaded via the M&C
commands, also download of remote modem history via the satellite link is
possible via EDMAC channel.

What can FSK do for me?
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK):

The Modem and the BUC have a - 2.5 MHz FSK
data link capability built into the TX IF path.
The TX IF cable is used to supply the L-Band IF
signal, the 24 or 48V DC power, the 10MHz Ref,
and the FSK communication signal to the Block
Up-Converter (BUC) Outdoor Unit (ODU).

What is EDMAC ?
» Embedded Distant-end Monitor And Control (Standard feature)
» Uses proprietary framed mode of operation - adds 5% overhead on data

rates up to 2,048kbps, or 1.5% for data rates >2048kbps
» Provides transparent data path for Comtech’s M&C protocol between local
and distant-end satellite equipment
» Adds robust error-checking protocol to normal M&C over satellite path
» EDMAC and FSK data link allows communications with Comtech

Transceivers at Local & Distant sites. No additional external cabling
required.
» EDMAC communicates Eb/No status at Local & Distant sites for support of
AUPC function. Also a (Standard feature)

CMCS Monitor and Control
» EDMAC is a built-in overhead channel used for monitor and control
of the distant-end equipment.
» EDMAC is a standard feature in all ComtechEFData CDM-550 & CDM-

600 Modems
» EDMAC provides end-to-end Automatic Uplink Power Control
Transparent Mode
Customer data only
sent on satellite link
SD / RD Framed Overhead adds
EDMAC data bits for M&C
Modem
SD / RD
Framed Mode
RS-232 Customer data sent along with additional
CMCS Mux Demux data bits for remote modem and ODU
Modem Processes commands.
M&C Data bits

FAST Upgrade Functions
FAST OPTIONS: SET VIEW
These options are available

ENT VIEW OPTIONS: 4 3 2 1
5Mbps RATE Not Installed

FAST Upgrade Functions
FAST OPTIONS: SET VIEW
FAST configuration CODE entry here.

ENT ENTER 20 CHAR CODE BELOW AND PRESS ENTER
88888888888888888888
FAST CODE will be sent by E-mail or Fax after contacting

Sales Representative to place order.

CDM-570L Product Family
» CDM-600 Satellite Data Modem

» CDM-600L Satellite Data Modem
» CDM-550 Satellite Data Modem
» CRS-150 Data Switch System
» CRS-170 IF Switch
» CIC-30 ASI -to- 422 Adapter
* ASI -- Asynchronous Serial Interface

Interface Adapter
Plug-on converter available to support additional interface standard.
CIC-30
ASI -to- 422

ODU Mounting
LN B
TRF
RX L-band
Cable
Upper
Bracket
BU C
Low er “L”
Bracket
TX L-band
Cable 1. L-Band RX IF
2. 10MHz Ref.
3. DC Voltage
1. L-Band TX IF
2. 10MHz Ref.
3. DC Voltage CDM-570L Modem provides all
4. FSK of these signals and systems
power via the Tx & Rx IF ports.
Modem BUC Power Options
24 VDC 100 Watt BUC Power Supply (AC Input)
48 VDC 180 Watt BUC Power Supply (AC Input)
24 VDC 100 Watt BUC Power Supply (DC Input)
48 VDC 180 Watt BUC Power Supply (DC Input)
Modem as shown with Turbo

Codec and 24V BUC power
supply installed.

Ku-Band ODU Features
Tx BUC Ku-Band frequencies between 14.0 to 14.5 GHz

Input range 950 to 1450 MHz
Gain 50dB
Tx RF Power 2, 4, & 8 Watt versions available
Rx LNB Ku-Band frequencies

(A) Europe 10.95 GHz- 11.70GHz
(B) Americas 11.70 GHz- 12.20 GHz
(C) Asia 12.25 GHz- 12.75 GHz
Gain 50 dB min Noise temperature 45K
Note about LNB:
Item LNB, 10MHz Ref. from Modem LNB Internally Referenced
Stability 10MHz from Modem (+/- .02 ppm) Internal LNB timebase (+/- 3 ppm)
Phase Noise QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM (All Modes) 8PSK & 16QAM ( Not Recommended )
Lower Symbol Rate Limit 4.8ksps at QPSK ½ Rate 100ksps at QPSK ½ Rate
Cost Cost range up to $400 Cost range up to $200

Ku-Band (BUC) Options
Output:
WR-75
Model F Start Freq Stop Freq Supply Typical EFData # Manufacture # LO Freq.
S Voltage Current
K
4 Watt Y 14.00 GHz 14.50 GHz 24 V 2.7 A RF/BUC04KU-A-F-T BUC-140145-124-04 13,050 MHz
8 Watt Y 14.00 GHz 14.50 GHz 48 V 2.7 A RF/BUC08KU-A-F-T BUC-140145-148-08 13,050 MHz
2 Watt N 14.00 GHz 14.50 GHz 24 V 1.8 A RF/BUC-2KU (Old #) NJT5024 13,050 MHz
2 Watt N 14.00 GHz 14.50 GHz 24 V 1.8 A RF/BUC02KU-A-N-N NJT5016 13,050 MHz
4 Watt N 14.00 GHz 14.50 GHz 24 V 2.7 A RF/BUC-4KU (Old #) NJT5025 13,050 MHz
4 Watt N 14.00 GHz 14.50 GHz 24 V 2.7 A RF/BUC04KU-A-N-N NJT5017 13,050 MHz
NJT5024 (45W consumption)

Ku-Band LNB Options
Input:
WR-75
Output Ref RX Band Freq CEFD Manf. Voltage LO Freq.
Type N Ext 10MHz (A) Europe 10.95 GHz- RF/LNB-10.9-11.7 NJR2637EN0 18 V 10,000 MHz
11.70GHz
Type N Ext 10MHz (B) Americas 11.70 GHz- RF/LNB-11.7-12.2 NJR2635EN0 18 V 10,750 MHz
12.20 GHz
Type N Ext 10MHz (C) Asia 12.25 GHz- RF/LNB-12.2-12.7 NJR2636EN0 18 V 11,300 MHz
12.75 GHz
Type F +/- 3 ppm (A) Europe 10.95 GHz- RF/LNB10.9-11.7F03 NJR2537S 18 V 10,000 MHz
+/- 10 ppm 11.70GHz RF/LNB-60-755 NJR2537H
Type F +/- 3 ppm (B) Americas 11.70 GHz- RF/LNB11.7-12.2F03 NJR2535S 18 V 10,750 MHz
+/- 10 ppm 12.20 GHz RF/LNB-60-754 NJR2535H
Type F +/- 3 ppm (C) Asia 12.25 GHz- RF/LNB12.2-12.7F03 NJR2536S 18 V 11,300 MHz
+/- 10 ppm 12.75 GHz RF/LNB-60-756 NJR2536H

Ku-Band ODU Optional parts
* TRF and Cables optional items
Parameter Specification RF/TRF-KU-WG75R

Rejection:
Straight 70 dB
Right Angle 55 dB
Insertion Loss:
Straight 0.15 dB
Right Angle 0.25 dB
Parameter Specification
Construction Double-Shielded Coaxial with Type N Male Connectors
Insertion Loss 1.0 dB/10 feet max
VSWR 1.25:1

C-Band ODU Features
Tx BUC C-Band frequencies between 5.850 to 6.425 GHz

Input range 950 to 1525 MHz
Gain 50dB
Tx RF Power 2, 5, & 10 Watt versions available
Rx LNB C-Band frequency 3.625 to 4.200 GHz

Down conversion range 950 to 1525 MHz
Gain 50 dB min
Noise temperature 45K

C-Band (BUC) Options
Watts P1dB
2W 33dBm
4W 36dBm
5W 37dBm
8W 39dBm
10W 40dBm
Output: CPR-137
Model FSK Start Freq Stop Freq Supply Typical Comtech # Manufacture Part # LO Freq.
Voltage Current
5 Watt Y 5850 MHz 6425 MHz 24 V 2.7 A RF/BUC05C-A-F-T BUC-005865-124-05 7375 MHz
10 Watt Y 5850 MHz 6425 MHz 48 V 2.7 A RF/BUC10C-A-F-T BUC-005865-148-10 7375 MHz
2 Watt N 5850 MHz 6425 MHz 24 V 1.8 A RF/BUC02C-A-N-N NJT5652 4900 MHz
5 Watt N 5850 MHz 6425 MHz 24 V 2.7 A RF/BUC02KU-A-N-N NJT5656 4900 MHz

C-Band LNB Options
Connector Ref RX Band Start Freq Stop Freq Supply Voltage Internal LO Freq.
Type N Ext 10MHz C 3625 MHz 4200 MHz 18 V 5150 MHz (INV)
Type F Ext 10MHz C 3625 MHz 4200 MHz 18 V 5150 MHz (INV)
Type F Internal C 3625 MHz 4200 MHz 18 V 5150 MHz (INV)

C-Band ODU Optional parts
6.35
* TRF and Cables optional items C P R 229 G R O O V ED

CO VE R F LA N G E
CP R 229 G R O O V E D
CO V E R FLAN G E
.37 .37
Rejection 55 dB Min.
RF/TRF-C-229-55W
Insertion Loss 0.035 dB Max.
Construction Double-Shielded Coaxial with Type N Male Connectors
Insertion Loss 1.0 dB/10 feet max
VSWR 1.25:1

ODU Optional parts, IF Cables

ODU Optional parts, IF Cables

Cable Part Numbers Cable Parameters
IF Cable with Cable Length Loss @ 2GHz

N Connector ends (Typical)
FEET METERS
CA/6357-50 50 15 3dB
CA/6357-100 100 30 6dB
CA/6357-150 150 45 9dB
CA/6357-175 175 53 10.5dB
CA/6357-200 200 61 12dB
IF Cable with Cable Length Loss @ 2GHz

F Connector ends (Typical)
FEET METERS
CA/9645-50 50 15 3dB
CA/9645-100 100 30 6dB
CA/9645-150 150 45 9dB
CA/9645 -175 175 53 10.5dB
CA/9645 -200 200 61 12dB

CDM-570L Design Overview
• Design Features

CDM-570L Rear Panel Connections
• Data Connections
• Fault & Alarm Connections
• Monitor & Control Connections
• IF Connections

Serial Data Interfaces
The following serial data interface selections can be made via Front Panel and Remote commands:
• RS-422
• RS-232
• V.35
• G.703 Balanced or Un-Balanced
• Ethernet (TCP/IP – Optional feature with Router Module upgrade)

Configuring the Interface
Configure
MODE SELECT INTERFACE: RS422 V35
RS232 G703B G703U ENT
Your list of (ENT)
Choices Use to choose required setting.
Use to choose another item (Overhead).

Rear Panel Connections
Optional IP Module
Console port IP Traffic port Data Interface
G.703
1:1 Switch
Control
Tx
Rx Data Interface Remote M&C Alarms IF
Power
IF RS422, RS232, V.35 & Monitor
& Ground Ethernet
External
RS-232
Timebase
RS-485

M&C, Remote Connections
9-pin
Female RJ 11-6
Consol Port
Rx 2 Cable
PC port is
Tx 3
DTE male
Gnd 5

G.703 Data Connections
The 10/100BaseT, IP Traffic Interface is a RJ-45 modular jack.

Pin Function Modem Color
Traffic from satellite 1 TX+ IN W/Orange

Traffic from satellite 2 TX - IN Orange
3 RX+ OUT W/Green
Traffic to satellite
4 NC Blue
5 NC W/Blue
Traffic to satellite 6 RX - OUT Green
7 NC W/Brown
8 NC Brown
This interface is for the WAN link to the satellite. This Ethernet interface
provides the router and EasyConnect features, and it electrically meets
the IEEE 802.3 specification.

Optional IP Module
• IP module features
– EasyConnect™ feature will allow simplified set up and configuration
– Static IP routing for unicast and multicast
– Manageable via SNMP, Web interface, or Telnet
– Optional features of the IP Module will offer additional features, for
maximizing satellite link efficiency in IP networks
• Header Compression
• Payload Compression
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• 3xDES data encryption

Modem Connections
Important reminder!
The CDM-570L modem Interface (1:N Switch) selection must be set to OFF when
connecting to standard 25-pin EIA-530 type interface equipment.
60 Pin DTE 25 Pin DCE
CISCO CDM-570L
o Note the that the DCE Ready (DSR) signal is relevant to the Unit Fault status
indication so that in the case of critical unit faults the modem will change the DSR
signal to the Not Ready state, as an indication of “circuit is down” to the terrestrial
data equipment.

Data Interface Connections
As shown in the owners manual,
the EIA-530 interface port also
supplies some of the signals
required for the redundancy
switching option.
These interface configuration is

selected by setting the toggle
switch located on the rear panel.

Standard Cable for DTE to DCE
As shown, these are the signal directions for:
Data Terminal Equipment <-to-> Data Communication Equipment

(DCE)
DTE Device Satellite Modem I/O Port
Pin Signal Pin Signal
1 Shield /Ground 1 Shield /Ground
2 Transmit Data A (-) 2 Transmit Data A (-)
3 Receive Data A (-) 3 Receive Data A (-)
7 Signal Ground 7 Signal Ground
8 Receiver Ready A (-) 8 Receiver Ready A (-)
9 Receive Clock B (+) 9 Receive Clock B (+)
10 Receiver Ready B (+) 10 Receiver Ready B (+)
11 Transmit Clock B (+) 11 Transmit Clock B (+)
12 Internal Tx Clock B (+) 12 Internal Tx Clock B (+)
14 Transmit Data B (+) 14 Transmit Data B (+)
15 Internal Tx Clock A (-) 15 Internal Tx Clock A (-)
16 Receive Data B (+) 16 Receive Data B (+)
17 Receive Clock A (-) 17 Receive Clock A (-)
24 Transmit Clock A (-) 24 Transmit Clock A (-)

Cross-over cable for DCE to DCE
In some rare cases the data interface connections may require connecting –
Data Communication Equipment to Data Communication Equipment
Cross-over cables are not available from ComtechEFData, but they can be purchased from other
cable vendors or built by the user if required.
Some DCE Device Satellite Modem

Pin Signal Pin Signal
1 Shield /Ground 1 Shield /Ground
2 Transmit Data A (-) 2 Transmit Data A (-)
3 Receive Data A (-) 3 Receive Data A (-)
7 Signal Ground 7 Signal Ground
8 Receiver Ready A (-) 8 Receiver Ready A (-)
9 Receive Clock B (+) 9 Receive Clock B (+)
10 Receiver Ready B (+) 10 Receiver Ready B (+)
11 Transmit Clock B (+) 11 Transmit Clock B (+)
12 Internal Tx Clock B (+) 12 Internal Tx Clock B (+)
14 Transmit Data B (+) 14 Transmit Data B (+)
15 Internal Tx Clock A (-) 15 Internal Tx Clock A (-)
16 Receive Data B (+) 16 Receive Data B (+)
17 Receive Clock A (-) 17 Receive Clock A (-)
24 Transmit Clock A (-) 24 Transmit Clock A (-)

RS-422 Interface Circuits
RS-422 Signal Levels
5 Volt Send Data A Internal Signal Levels
0 Volt Z = 150 5 Volt
5 Volt 0 Volt
Send Data 0 Volt Send Data B
RS-422 Receiver
5 Volt Terr Timing A
0 Volt 5 Volt
5 Volt 0 Volt
Send Timing 0 Volt Terr Timing B
SCT A
5 Volt
SCT B 0 Volt
Serial Clock Timing
RS-422 Driver
Recv Data A
Recv Data B
Receive Data
Recv Time A
Recv Time B
Receive Timing
Recv Ready A
Receiver Ready
Recv Ready B
Receive Ready

RS-422 Cable Length vs. Data
Rate

V.35 Interface Circuits
V.35 Signal Levels
+/- 20% V.35 DATA Receiver
Send Data 0.55 Volt Send Data A
0 Volt 5 Volt
Possible .6v Offset Z = 100
0.55 Volt 0 Volt
Send Data B
0 Volt
V.35 DATA Receiver
0.55 Volt Terr Timing A
Send Timing 0 Volt 5 Volt
0 Volt
0. 55 Volt Terr Timing B
0 Volt
SCT A
SCT B
Serial Clock Timing V.35 Driver
Recv Data A
Recv Data B
Receive Data
Recv Time A
Recv Time B
Receive Timing
+9 Volts RR
RR +3 Volts 5 Volt
min. 0 Volt
V.35 CONTROL Receiver Ready
-3 Volts
-9 Volts

RS-232 Interface Circuits
RS-232 Signal Levels

+9 Volts RS-232 Receiver
SD
+3 Volts RTS 5 Volt
min. 0 Volt
-3 Volts
Z = 3000
-9 Volts
+9 Volts RS-232 Receiver

ST
+3 Volts RTS 5 Volt
min. 0 Volt
-3 Volts
-9 Volts Z = 3000

G.703 Interface Circuits
G.703 Receiver
G.703 Signal Levels
G.703 Recovered Data
Send Data 3 V peak Tx Data Tip 5 Volt
AMI
to peak Z = 300 B8ZS 0 Volt
3 V peak HDB3
to peak Tx Data Ring
Balanced Signal
G.703 Recovered Clock
5 Volt
0 Volt
269 ns
(244 + 25)
20%
10% 10%
V = 100%
194 ns
(244 – 50)
20 %
N o m ina l pulse
Unbalanced Signal
Nominal
50 %
4.74Vpp
+/- 10% 244 ns
Z = 75
BNC Connector 219 ns

(244 – 25)
10% 10 %
10% 10%
0%
20%
488 ns
(244 + 244)
N ote – V co rresp o n d s to th e n o m in a l p e ak v a lu e. T 1818840-92
F IG U R E 1 5 /G .7 0 3
M a sk o f th e p u lse a t th e 20 4 8 k b it/s in terfa ce
G.703 Data Connections
Signal Function Pin # Direction

RD J10B RX G.703 (Unbalanced) Out 1 SD - In
SD J11B TX G.703 (Unbalanced) In
9 SD + In
2 GND
3 RD - Out
11 RD + Out
4 GND

M&C Remote Connections
Remote interface setting is controlled with front panel selections.
CONFIG: ALL MODE TX RX CLOCKS D&I

EDMAC MISC REMOTE MASK IMPED STATS ENT
INTERFACE: RS-485-4W (232, 485-2W, 485-4W)

ADDR = 0 0 0 1 BAUD RATE = 9600

M&C, Remote Connections
Pin Description 9pin Male
1 Ground An interface adapter is required for

2 EIA-232 Transmit Data (Out) multiple modems tied to common
3 EIA-232 Receive Data (In) remote M&C buss. Shown below is
4 Reserved - do not use this pin 232 to 485 model for PC ports.
5 Ground
6 EIA-485 Receive Data B (In)
7 EIA-485 Receive Data A (In)
8 EIA-485 Transmit Data B (Out) RS-232 RX (2)
9 EIA-485 Transmit Data A (Out) Receive Data
RS-485 Signal Levels To PC
RS-232 TX (3)
Send Data
232 / 485 Converter GND (5)

(www.bb-elec.com)

M&C, Alarm Connections
Pin Description 15pin Male

1 Ground
2 Receive AGC voltage
14 TX NO
3 Receive Q sample (for constellation display)
7 TX COM 4 Unit Fault Relay - Common
FAULT PRESENT
Or NO POWER 5 Unit Fault Relay - Normally Open
6 TX NC
6 Transmit Traffic Relay - Normally Closed
7 Receive Traffic Relay - Common
8 Receive Traffic Relay - Normally Open
14 TX NO
OK 9 External Carrier Off input
7 TX COM 10 ---- No Connection ----
11 Receive I sample (for constellation display)
6 TX NC
12 Unit Fault Relay - Normally Closed
13 Transmit Traffic Relay - Common
14 Transmit Traffic Relay - Normally Open
15 Receive Traffic Relay - Normally Closed
Normally Open – going closed is the NON-FAULTED state

M&C, Monitor Connections
The Rx signal I & Q samples can be

view in this format on an oscilloscope
set in the X-Y mode.
Pins 3 & 11

Generic Satellite Link
Beginner’s view of satellite communication.
SPACE
HAPPENS
Data
1 1 0 1
Data Earth Earth
1 1 0 1
Station Station
Clock
Clock
Why are we using satellite modems?
Answer:
Synchronous Data Communication to remote areas

Generic Communication Blocks
DATA CHANNEL
DTE DCE DCE DTE
DATA TERMINAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS DATA COMMUNICATIONS DATA TERMINAL
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
24 TRANSPONDERS
C BAND 12 HORIZONTAL
12 VERTICAL
SATELLITE
LINK "PITCH" IS 40MHz
6 GHz 4 GHz
WIDTH IS 36 MHz
RF 4 GHz 6 GHz RF
DTE DCE EQUIP EQUIP DCE DTE
DATA TERMINAL DATA TERMINAL
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
SATELLITE MODEM SATELLITE MODEM
RF UPLINK 5.9 TO 6.4 GHz
RF DOWNLINK 3.7 TO 4.2 GHz
TRANSLATION FREQUENCY 2.225 GHz

Configuring the Modulator
*
Configure
ENCODER = VIT ( NONE, VIT, TCM, TURBO )
Encoder
REED-SOLOMON = OFF ( ON, OFF )
Use to choose operation setting.
Use to move to Reed-Solomon line.

ENT
* TURBO will not be Displayed if Turbo Board is not installed.

NONE = All modes FEC will be 1/1 (Uncoded)
VIT = VITERBI
TCM = 8PSK
REED-SOLOMON (Optional Board)

Satellite MODEM (MOdulator/DEModulator)
Basic Blocks
This is what we are changing with the front panel buttons.
EDMAC MODULATOR
Reed Solomon ENCODING TX IF
Overhead
Data
Rate • • • BPSK
MASTER N / K
FE 1/2 Symbol Rates
SLAVE • 225/205
C
• QPSK(OQ)
AUPC Only • 219/201 • • 8PSK
Bits
EDMAC-2 • 220/200 Coded 3/4 • 16QAM
•
EDMAC
Overhead
Reed Solomon DECODING
2/3 DEMODULATOR RX IF
•
5/6
•
• Network Overhead feature (OPTIONAL)
7/8
• Reed Solomon coding (OPTIONAL)
FireberdTM
BERT TX (DR) (OH) (FEC) (RS) (MF) = RX (DR) (OH) (FEC) (RS) (MF)
Alphabet Soup!
All TX & RX values are independently settable, but the configurations
must match TX & RX settings at the opposite site.

Basic Modem Blocks •
•
BPSK
QPSK (OQ)
• 8PSK
• 16QAM
The higher order
modulations are
used for reduced
Satellite MODEM bandwidth.
Data Rate
Signaling Rate Symbol Rate
SD, TT Modulator
Encoding
Digital
SCT Interfaces
TX & RX IF
RD, RT Decoding Demodulator
• Viterbi
• TPC
• RS-422 • 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, .95
• These functions are provided
RS-232 These settings provide a trade- based on options installed in
• V.35 off in digital error correction vs. the modem. TPC provides
• G.703 RF bandwidth. ½ rate FEC much improved coding gains
uses more bandwidth but over Viterbi.
These types provide digital operates at less signal power.
signal levels as used in
various equipment.
• Scrambling
• Differential coding
Leave these settings ON
These functions are required.
CDM-570L Clocking Choices
TX Clock choices:

1. External (Terminal Timing is used whenever signal available at the TT pins)
2. Internal (SCT signal is generated at Tx Data Rate and applied on the SCT pins)
3. Rx Loop (Loop-timed, SCT phase-locked to the Received Satellite Clock)

RX Buffer Clock Choices:
1. Rx Buffer ENABLED (Terminal Timing or Internal, based on TX Tim)

2. Rx Buffer DISABLED (RX Satellite Clock & Data passed through to RD & RT)
• TT signal is desirable to use when available from the data equipment, and stable as
needed.
• Internal mode, Serial Clock Transmit (SCT) from the modem is used where maybe
preferred.
• RX Loop mode, the RX Sat Clock is used as the reference for SCT Clock creation.
Clock failure Fall-back action:

• TX CLOCK -- If (External) is selected and not present then the modem uses its internal SCT
clock. This can cause Tx FIFO Slip Faults or Tx bit errors when the data equipment and the
modem data clocking are not at the same rate or in synchronization.
• RX CLOCK – If (Buffer Enable) is selected and Tx Clocking is not present then the modem
automatically switches to Satellite Clock for the Buffer clock.


Master/Master Clocking (data equipment sourced)
TT TT
Clock Clock
Master Master
User Modem Modem User
Same settings used at both ends

Data Equipment Modem
TX FIFO errors occur whenever
the Tx data source is more than
+/- 100ppm of the modem data
TT TX IF rate setting.
TX
ST SCT Internal
This mode is used with Mux or
Channel Bank type of data
equipment. This is also preferred
RT mode with G.703 or DSU/CSU
Buffer Demod transitions from T1, E1, and DS3
network systems.
Modem settings:
Equipment settings:
• Tx Clock = Terrestrial
• Clock (Internal)
• Rx Buffer = Enabled

Master/Master Clocking (modem sourced)
The SCT clock signal is

available at the I/O port
only when TX Clock is ST ST
mode is set to Internal. Clock Clock
Master Master

TT TX IF
TX
ST SCT Internal
RT Demod
Buffer
Equipment setting: Modem settings:

• Clock (External) • Tx clock Internal (Ex: Used for X.21 type)
• Rx buffer = Enabled

Independent Clocking (modem sourced)
ST ST
Clock Clock
Master Master

This mode can be used with
types of data equipment that do
TT TX IF not require absolutely locked
TX relationship between TX and RX
clocking. This mode can be used
ST SCT Internal in router interface transitions from
serial data to Ethernet network
systems or streaming data.
RT Demod
N/A
Equipment setting: Modem settings:

• Clock (External) • Tx Clock = Internal
• Rx Buffer = Disabled

What does the Buffer Do ?
• The Buffer is holding the pre-set # of bytes (also displayed as mSec) between
the incoming Satellite data and the output of the Receive Data.
RX Data FIFO Buffer
2
Rx Sat Data Write Read Receive Data
Addr. 3 Addr.
Rx Satellite Clock Receive Timing
RX Buffer = Enabled
Tx Terrestrial Clock
• As shown here, timing signal from
Internal Clock local data equipment is being used to
retrieve Rx data from the modem at the
rate synchronous to the local
equipment.

Plesiochronous Operation
f1
f1 at Site A is not Exactly equal to f2 at Site B f2

This will periodically cause data to be double-clocked or
missed.
1) Incoming Traffic too Fast 2) Incoming Traffic too Slow
bit 1
bit 1 Bit 4 missing bit 1 Bit 3 2x
bit 1
bit 2 ERROR ERROR
bit 2 bit 2 bit 2
bit 3
bit 3 bit 3 bit 3
bit 4
bit 3
bit 5 bit 5 bit 4
bit 4
bit 6
bit 6 bit 5
bit 5
bit 7 bit 7
bit 6 bit 6
Interface Interface
• This small clock difference will eventually fill or empty the buffer. The
amount of buffering time will be set to higher values if this effect is to be
eliminated by the satellite modem for a significant amount of time.

Configuring the Buffer Clocking
Configure
Buffer Clock BUFFER = ENABLE DISABLE (ENT)
BUFFER SIZE = 00016bytes (00002mS)
Use to choose operation setting.
Use to move to Buffer Size and Center. ENT
Set as required:
This configuration will depend on Data Equipment (DTE) requirements
and/or Network configuration requirements.

Doppler Effect on Satellite Link
The altitude change caused by daily gravitational pull of

the Moon and the Sun, causes the satellite position,
receive frequency, and the data clocking rate to vary
slightly. Typically 1.15mS/Day, possibly up to
35mS/Day on older inclined satellites.
This variation requires a small amount of Rx Data
buffering if the effect is to be eliminated by the satellite
modem equipment.
EA
RT
H

Buffer Size
The depth of the receive buffer will depend upon four parameters:
• · Total Doppler shift caused by satellite movement.

• · Site to Site clock Stability (Master/Master clock operation only).
• · Allowable time between clock slips.
Doppler Buffer
The total daily movement of a newly parked satellite will typically will be 172 km relative to the
nominal 42,164 km radius. The Doppler effect induced propagation variation will be
approximately 1.15mS, for master/slave operation multiply this 2x, making a buffer depth of 3 to
4mS, which is sufficient range with today’s available satellites..

The total Doppler effect of an Old satellite with a highly inclined orbit may result in a typical
variation in path delay of 35mS, therefore use 2x 35mS = 70mS

Buffer Size
A practical method of determining the buffer size of a Master / Master satellite link.

Here are the steps, assuming (low inclined satellite):
1. Set up the links with appropriate clocks. This will be a Master/Master link, which means the two local
clocks are used. [Terr for TX] & [Terr for RX Buffer]
2. Set the buffer size to minimum assumed + 2mS for Doppler.
3. Center the buffer and then Monitor Buffer fill status.
4. Record the time between buffer over / underflow alarms.
5. You can now determine what the desired time between buffer slips.
Now multiply extra buffer time = Required time “No Slips” / Tested Duration

Example:

Two modems with both TX Clock Source and Buffer Clock set to Tx Terrestrial. Buffer size set to 6mS.
The time between frame slips is 24 hours. Increase both buffer sizes a multiple of 30 x 4mS (120mS)
and the time between frame slips will increase to 30 days.

Time = bits / Data Rate (bps)

What is Asymmetric Loop-timing?
» The loop-timing feature provides a special TX clocking mode
» In Tx Clock = (Loop-timing) the modem uses the received satellite signal to provide
the reference to phase lock the (SCT) internal clock that is used for TX data timing.
The TX data rate can be <, =, or > than the Rx data rate .
(asymmetric loop-timing)
» In this timing mode the modem is usually set for Buffer Disabled, such that RT is
also directly sourced from the received satellite signal.
* Buffer could be set to Enabled but it does not provide any practical application and would cause added time delay.

Master/Slave Clocking (data equipment sourced)
This mode is used with Mux or

other type of data equipment where
the timing is preferred to be
maintained by the Main station. This
mode allows synchronous
networking without buffer slips.
TT
Clock
Master ST

RT

Last Big Improvement-
Reed Solomon Concatenated
Reed Solomon advantages:

1. 2 dB better Eb/No performance over plain Viterbi
2. Excellent when combined with 8PSK TCM
Disadvantages:
1. Increases latency (processing time).
2. Increases the bandwidth required by approx. 10%.
3. Hard Decision Decoder
4. Hard Knee on accumulated errors > t

Basic Modem Blocks
CDM-570L
MODEM
CARD
TX SECTION
TX Data
VITERBI MODULATOR
TX Clock ENCODER SECTION
I & Q FILTERS
TX IF TX BUC
TCM SEC
& R-S
(OPTION)
RX IF RX LNB
TURBO FIR/PD & I/Q
CODEC RECOVERY
(OPTIONAL CARD)
CARRIER
DACS
VIT.
DEC-
ODER
RX Data SYM & BIT
TIMING
RX Clock DATA BUFFER RECOVERY
RX SECTION
BIT/SYM
DACS

Reed-Solomon Hamming Code
k=4 Code Rule
In Out
A4 A3 A2 A1
A1, A2, A3, A4 X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7
0000 0000 000

0001 0001 011
0010 0010 101
0011 0011 110
0100 0100 110
0101 0101 101
0110 0110 011
0111 0111 000
X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 1000 1000 111
1001 1001 100
n=7 1010 1010 010
1011 1011 001
Xi = Ai; i = 1, 2, 3, 4
1100 1100 001
X5 = A1 + A2 + A3
1101 1101 010
X6 = A1 + A2 + A4
1110 1110 100
X7 = A1 + A3 + A4
1111 1111 111

Interleaver
Burst noise can corrupt too many bits in a data block and defeat the correction
process at the receiver, so the data stream is stacked and divided to avoid sending
block groups together. Now burst noise on the path can only damage a few bits in
each group and correction is still possible.
Page “3” Page “2” Page “1”
E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
From
Reed-Solomon * * To FEC
F4 F3 F2 F1 F0 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
Encoder di = 2 Encoder
G2 G1 G0 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 * * * *
di = 2
H0 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 * * * * * *
di = 2
Write-In Read-Out
Row-Wise Interleaving RS Codeword Length, n = 7 Column-Wise
Depth Id = 4 Unique Word Bytes
A, B, C, . . . etc., RS Codeword
(n-1) (n-1)
di = Smallets Integer 
Id Id
(7-1) =2
=
4
Interleaver Output Data Stream to FEC Encoder
B6 E1 D1 C3 B5 E0 D0 C2 B4 A6 * C1 B3 A5 * C0 B2 A4 * * B1 A3 * * B0 A 2 * * * A1 * * * A0
Direction of
Sumbol Transmission

Supplied Reed-Solomon Values
Closed Network Reed-Solomon parameters

MODE N K I RSF
Viterbi + Reed-Solomon NONE (TRANSPARENT) 220 200 4 1.1
CDM-500 CDM-550
CDM-600 FRAMED (EDMAC/AUPC) 200 180 4 1.1
EF Data Compatible Mode No Overhead 225 205 4 1.1

Intelsat V.35 Self-Synchronous Scrambler
Adverse state detector

Outputs a “1” after counting 31 repeated Zeros
Reset
“1”
Shift Registers
RES RES RES RES RES RES RES

D Q D Q D Q D Q D Q D Q D Q
CK Q CK Q CK Q CK Q CK Q CK Q CK Q
1 2 3 4-8 9 10-19 20
Clock
Out Data/
Scrambled Data
Scrambler De-scrambler
Input Data/
Input Scrambled Data
• V.35 Self-synchronizing scrambler (IESS-308)

• Disadvantage- multiplies 1 input error into 3 output errors.

Scrambler Function
The scrambler produces a stream of 1’s Without the scrambler, when there is no data
& 0’s even when there is no data input at input or limited 1s and 0’s variations the
the Interface. The carrier remains carrier is basically un-modulated
modulated
When the transmit carrier is not modulated the receive circuitry is not synchronized at
the other site. Operating without the scrambler means that the first data sent will be lost
until the receiver becomes synchronized. Also the power content of the carrier will be
CW nature, which can cause interference with users on the opposite polarity of the
transponder.

*
Configure
ENCODER = VIT ( NONE, VIT, TCM, TPC )
Encoder
REED-SOLOMON = OFF ( ON, OFF )
Use to choose FEC operation setting as required.
Use to move to Reed-Solomon line if required.
ENT
* TPC will not be Displayed if Turbo Board is not installed.

NONE = All modes FEC will be 1/1 (Uncoded)
VIT = VITERBI
TCM = 8PSK + REED-SOLOMON – Optional board required
TPC = Turbo (Gen1 and Gen2 features) – Optional board

QPSK Modulator Block Diagram
This function as found in Intelsat specification is used in the Viterbi mode.
900
PHASE
SHIFT
Convolutional Encoder 90o
For Viterbi K=7 0,1 1,1
1 0 0 1
180o 0o
I Channel
FILTER 00, 1800 ‘A’ PHASES
0,0 1,0
270o
OUTPUT
Q Channel 900, 2700 ‘B’ PHASES

FILTER
1 0 1 0
Two possible
states into QPSK modulator
IH or QH

Newest Development-
Turbo Product Codec
Turbo advantages:
1. Best BER performance at same power levels
2. Typical 1.8 dB improvement over Reed Solomon
3. Less time delay then Reed Solomon
4. Fade Tolerant, soft knee on accumulated faults
Disadvantages: None!
Turbo TCP provides Better Eb/No performance, Less bandwidth, or Both
verses any previous FEC methods in use.

Turbo Product Codes
 Turbo Product Codes (TPCs) are based on
block codes, not convolutional codes
 AHA’s TPCs are built using two or three

dimensional arrays of extended Hamming
codes and parity codes
 Decoding is done iteratively
 Minimum distance of a 2D product code is square of
constituent code; for a 3D code, cubed

2D Product Code Example
D D D D Ex Ex Ex Ex
 (8,4) x (8,4) Code
D D D D Ex Ex Ex Ex
 Code is systematic
D D D D Ex Ex Ex Ex
 D represents input
data D D D D Ex Ex Ex Ex
 E represents ECC bits Ey Ey Ey Ey Exy Exy Exy Exy
Ey Ey Ey Ey Exy Exy Exy Exy
 3D codes follow the Ey Ey Ey Ey Exy Exy Exy Exy

same concept, but in Ey Ey Ey Ey Exy Exy Exy Exy
three dimensions

QPSK Modulator Block Diagram
900
PHASE
Turbo Product Encoder replaces SHIFT
Convolutional Encoder
90o
1 0 0 1 0,1 1,1
I Channel 180o 0o
FILTER 00, 1800 ‘A’ PHASES
TPC 0,0 1,0
Tx Encoder 270o
Data OUTPUT
Q Channel 900, 2700 ‘B’ PHASES

FILTER
1 0 1 0
Intelsat specification IESS-315, VSAT Turbo
(TPC Network standard) based in Comtech-AHA Two possible
states into QPSK modulator
Turbo design. IH or QH
• IESS-315 specifies the use of a V.35 scrambler in
combination with the TPC operation.

QPSK vs. Offset QPSK
I I
Q Q
Non zero crossing

Zero crossing RL -49.00 dBm
ATTEN 10 dB
2.00 dB/DIV
QPSK has instantaneous
RES BANDWIDTH
zero carrier power. 10.0 kHz
Invisible on spectrum
analyzer, but Ok for linear
amplifiers (Class A type)
Non-linear amplifiers such

as (Class C) type used in
INMARSAT mobile service
only operate cleanly if the
signal does not cross
through zero as in
OQPSK.
M odem Rate = 2144 kbit/s, 3/4 Rate Coding

w ith 7.8 dB Eb/N o (S + N)/N = 10 dB
CENTER 70.000 MHz SPAN 1.000 MHz

*RB 10.0 kHz *VB 10.0 Hz ST 30.00 sec

CDM-570 Power & Bandwidth Savings
3/4 7/8
Viterbi Turbo Viterbi Turbo
+ Reed Product + Reed Product
Solomon Coding Solomon Coding
Eb/No (dB) 5.2 4.0 6.5 4.2

Bandwidth Efficiency (bps/ Hz)
1.35 1.50 1.58 1.75
• Turbo Product Coding

– Lower Eb/No requires less power
– Higher efficiency uses less bandwidth
Turbo: Less Power
Turbo
Less
BW

Modulation Factors
Larger “m” 16QAM

m = 4bits/Hz
QPSK 8PSK
m = 2bits/Hz m = 3bits/Hz

Effect of Modulation & FEC
Relative Bandwidth For Various Modulation & Coding Types
16QAM 7/8
16QAM 3/4
8PSK 5/6
8PSK 2/3
QPSK 7/8
QPSK 1/2 = 100% QPSK 3/4
QPSK 1/2
-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Relative Bandwidth (%) - For Same Data Rate

FEC Performance Comparison
FEC & Modulation- Spectral Efficiency vs. Eb/No at BER = 10-7
4.00 0.298
 Best BW and Power
3.50 16-QAM 7/8 Turbo 0.340
16-QAM 7/8 Vit/RS

3.00 16-QAM 3/4 Turbo
0.397
-10 dB BW for 1 Mbps Carrier (MHz)

8-PSK 0.95 Turbo
Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz)
16-QAM 3/4 Vit/RS

2.50 8-PSK 7/8 Turbo 0.476
8Q 3/4 LDPC
8-PSK 3/4 Turbo
8Q 2/3 LDPC
2.00 0.595
QPSK 0.95 Turbo QPSK Uncoded
Q 7/8 Turbo 8-PSK 2/3 +RS Q 7/8 VITERBI
Q3/4 LDPC
1.50 Q 7/8 V+RS 0.793
Q 3/4 Turbo Q 3/4 VITERBI
Q 2/3 LDPC Q 3/4 V+RS
1.00 Q1/2 Turbo 1.190

Q 1/2 VITERBI
Q 1/2 LDPC Q 1/2 V+RS
0.50 2.380
BPSK 21/44 Turbo
BPSK 5/16 Turbo
Worst BW and Power 
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Eb/No (dB)
Turbo Product Code Viterbi/Concatenated RS 8-PSK 2/3 TCM/RS (IESS-310) Viterbi QPSK Uncoded
Efficiency = 1 / Symbol Rate

-10 dB BW = 1.19 x Symbol Rate (for the CDM600 filter mask)

Configure
MODULATION = QPSK ( B, Q, OQ-PSK, 16QAM )
Modulation
FEC RATE = 1/2 ( 1/2, 3/4, 7/8 )
Use to choose Modulation format.
Use to move to FEC Rate line.

ENT
Available FEC Rates will change with Modulation format.
(FAST Option upgrades possible)

Now for the Hard Part (Demodulation!)
• Steps needed for acquisition and decoding
1. Need to tune and lock RF loop circuits

2. Need to lock recovered clock loop circuits
3. Need decide constellation ambiguity and begin decoding
4. Need to sync & start filling Reed-Solomon De-Interleaver*
5. Need to sync Overhead Demux*
* These are optional operations
If there are No problems!

Good data comes out.

Basic Demodulation Blocks
R F M O DULE I
A L IA S D IG ITA L
A /D D IG ITA L
IF F ILTE R N Y Q U IS T
C LO C K
LO O PBACK LOOP
IF F ILT E R AOC
Q
A LIA S D IG ITA L SOFT
A /D
F ILTE R N Y Q U IS T D E C IS IO N
IF IN P U T
50 to 18 0 M H z RF M A P P IN G
MPC
-30 to -5 5 dB m SYNTH AOC
0 90
VCO AGC/
D IG ITA L
AOC
AGC C O S TA S
LO O P
MPC DDS
U N C O D E D D ATA
F O R M AT TE R A N D
D IF FE R E N T IA L
DECODERS
M PC
VITE R B I D E C O D E R RX
V E C TO R OR D ATA
A LTE R N AT E
R O TAT IO N S E Q U E N T IA L
D E C O D E R (O P T IO N )
M PC M PC
MPC
DDS
TO H O S T M & C LOCAL M&C MPC

(M IC R O P R O C ES S O R ) RX
M PC C LO C K

TPC Decoding
Encoding method
The combination of these two

techniques are the basics of the
Turbo Product Codec function.
Decoding method

TPC Decoding
Iterative Loop
Working
Array
Soft Channel Decoded Output

Data Data
Hard
Original
SISO Decision
Array
Array
Each Iteration Decodes all Rows, then all Columns

Two-dimensional Iterative

TPC Decoding
Iterative Loop
Working
Array
Soft Channel Decoded Output

Data Data
Hard
Original
SISO Decision
Array
Array
Verification of Data Errors and power of Check Sum

Math allows further processing of the data stream.

Two-dimensional Iteration 2


In this case all errors where corrected!

Performance Measure
We have seen the methods! Now compare the performance!
• Satellite MODEM performance is measured by the IF signal energy-

per-bit to noise density (Eb/No) required to realize a given bit error
rate (BER) performance. The Eb/No is not measured directly, but is
derived from the ratio of the IF (or RF) signal’s power density above
noise power density.
• Coding is utilized to reduce the signal power requirements of the link.

Coding gain (i.e., improved BER performance) is realized by the
insertion of additional bits into the information stream which increases
the probability of demodulating the transmitted information correctly.
Coding gain is equal to the difference between the Eb/No required
without coding and the Eb/No required with coding for the same bit
error rate.

CDM-570L
BER Curves
Note that the manual

includes both the
specification and the
typical performance
curves.

CDM-570L
BER Curves

CDM-570L
BER Curves

CDM-570L
BER Curves
CDM-570L
BER Curves
CDM-570L
BER Curves
1E-1
Advantage -
1E-2
Superior Efficiency
Un-coded
QPSK
3/4 Rate 1E-3
Turbo Product
Code
1E-4
BER
Performance 1E-5
Typical
Typical Viterbi
Specification 1E-6
Performance
Curves
1E-7
1E-8 7/8 Rate

1/2 Rate 3/4
Rate
3/4 Rate Viterbi
+Reed Solomon
1E-9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Eb / No
CDM-570L
BER Curves
Note for link budget.
Additional 0.5dB Eb/No factor is typically added

to the link performance requirements due to the
inherent added noise factors of the RF
equipment used external to the modem.
(e.g. Group delay, Phase Noise, RF Saturation)
ComtechEFData Equipment
Monitor, Control, and Configuration
Front Panel LED Indicators
Comtech EFData LEDs
1.
UNIT STATUS STORED EVENT
TX TRAFFIC REMOTE
Remote Mode
RX TRAFFIC EDMAC MODE
ONLINE TEST MODE
2.
TX TRAFFIC REMOTE
RX TRAFFIC
ONLINE
EDMAC MODE
EDMAC Slave Mode
TEST MODE
1. Remote control operation of the modem is indicated by the illuminated Remote LED. The modem
must be in the Remote mode to accept configuration changes via the Remote M&C port commands.
Front panel keyboard entries will not be allowed in this mode. *Note: The CDM-550, CDM-570, and
CDM-600 Remote LED will blinking when FSK communication to the transceiver is lost or the
transceiver has a fault.
2. EDMAC Slave operation of the modem is indicated by the illuminated EDMAC LED. Front panel
keyboard entries will not be allowed in this mode. The modem will only accept configuration
changes over the satellite link via the Remote M&C port of the Master EDMAC modem.
Comtech EFData LEDs
Tri Color
1.
UNIT STATUS STORED EVENT Stored Fault
TX TRAFFIC REMOTE
Green or Off ONLINE TEST MODE
Orange or Off
2.
TX TRAFFIC REMOTE
ONLINE TEST MODE

Test Mode
1. The illuminated Stored Fault LED means that a recorded event has occurred and is stored into
the stored event log memory. When the Stored Fault Log is cleared the Stored Fault LED will be
turned off. The stored items will be any of any of the internal unit faults or any of the active
status alarms.
2. The illuminated Test Mode LED means that one of the available test modes has been activated.
The available tests involve arranging the digital or IF signals for external testing.
Test modes: I/O Loop, Digital Loop, IF Loop, RF Loop
Comtech EFData LEDs
1.
Unit Status UNIT STATUS STORED EVENT UNIT STATUS STORED EVENT
TX TRAFFIC REMOTE TX TRAFFIC REMOTE
RX TRAFFIC EDMAC MODE RX TRAFFIC EDMAC MODE
ONLINE TEST MODE ONLINE TEST MODE
2.
UNIT STATUS STORED EVENT UNIT STATUS STORED EVENT
TX TRAFFIC REMOTE TX TRAFFIC REMOTE
RX TRAFFIC EDMAC MODE RX TRAFFIC EDMAC MODE
Online ONLINE TEST MODE ONLINE TEST MODE
Off-line
1. The Unit Status LED indicates the overall condition of the modem.
a) RED indicates a critical internal fault has occurred and the unit needs repair. (also, Red during
Re-flashing procedure)
b) YELLOW indicates that a TX or RX status is faulted or the configuration needs review.
c) GREEN indicates that none of the actively monitored conditions are faulted.
2. The Online LED should be illuminated during any standalone system operation. In a redundant
modem system the Online LED indicates when the modem has been activated or deactivated by the
switch system.
Comtech EFData LEDs
1.
ALL NORMAL
Tx Traffic TX TRAFFIC REMOTE

ONLINE TEST MODE
TX TRAFFIC REMOTE
ONLINE TEST MODE 2.

TX TRAFFIC REMOTE
Rx Traffic RX TRAFFIC EDMAC MODE
ONLINE TEST MODE
1. The TX Traffic LED will be illuminated to indicate that the TX output is On and additionally the TX
signal selections are active.
2. The RX Traffic LED will be illuminated to indicate that the RX signal is acquired and additionally the
RX signal selections are active.
• The Unit Status LED will change to Yellow when either the Tx and/or Rx LEDs are Off.
VFD Display
CDM-550T and CDM-570 format:
- Cursor moves to selection item
- Press Enter
SELECT INTERFACE: RS422 V35
ENT RS232 G703B G703U
CLR
(ENT)
• The front panel arrow keys are used to move the menu cursor to the required selection.
• The Enter key sets the configuration change. The Clear key exits the menu.
• At the moment of Enter the value is stored in non-volatile memory so that event of a power loss or
power cycle the newly made setting will be recalled along with the other settings.
• Additional non-volatile memory locations are provided for storing 10 complete setups.
CDM-570L Configuration
• Configuration Setup via Front Panel Menus
Front Panel Configuration Entry
Press Enter or Clear to

Bring up Top Menu
SELECT: CONFIG MONITOR

TEST INFO STORE/LD UTIL
Use Arrow Keys to Press
Highlight Menu Item ENT
Configuring the Modem
Configure CONFIG: REMOTE ALL TX RX
Menu FRAME INTFC REF MASK ODU ENT
REMOTE CONTROL:
LOCAL REMOTE (<>, ENTER) ENT
REMOTE CONTROL: SERIAL

ETHERNET (<>, ENTER) ENT
ETHERNET IP ADDRESS/RANGE
192.168.001.005/24 (<>, ENTER)
Configure CONFIG: REMOTE ALL TX RX
Menu FRAME INTFC REF MASK ODU
ALL > Takes User through full Configuration ENT

MODE > Interface and Overhead Mode
TX > Modulation & Transmit Configuration
RX > Demodulation & Receive Configuration
Clocks > Data Clocking Options
EDMAC > EDMAC Configuration
REMCONT > Remote Control Selections
MASK > ALARMS (Mask / Enable)
IMPED > IF Port Impedance (50 / 75 Ohm )
Configure
ALL FRAMING MODE: UNFRAMED
EDMAC EDMAC-2 (<>, ENTER) ENT
FRAMING MIX: AUPC-ONLY

EDMAC+AUPC (<>, ENTER) ENT
EDMAC MODE:
MASTER SLAVE (<>, ENTER) ENT
DISTANT-END BASE ADDRESS

0020 (<>, ENTER)
Configure
INTERFACE DATA INTERFACE: RS422 IP
V.35 RS232 G.703 (<>, ENTER) ENT
<>
RTS / CTS OPERATION:
RTS/CTS LOOP, NO ACTION
ENT
<>
RTS / CTS OPERATION:
LOOP, RTS CONTROLS TX OUT
Configure
TX FEC: VITERBI VIT+RS
FEC
TCM+RS TCP UNCODED ENT
Configure MODULATION: BPSK QPSK

MODULATION
OQPSK 8-PSK 16-QAM ENT
Configure TX CODE RATE: 5/16 21/44

CODE RATE
1/2 2/3 3/4 7/8 0.95 Uc ENT
Configure
TX DATA RATE: 1544.000kbps
DATA RATE
1080.800ksym (FIXED T1)
Configure TX IF FREQ: 1200.0000 MHz

TX IF
<>
( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure TX OUTPUT STATE: OFF ON

TX STATE RX-TX INHIBIT (<>, ENTER) ENT
Configure OUTPUT POWER LEVEL MODE:

TX POWER MANUAL AUPC (<>, ENTER) ENT
Configure
TX OUTPUT POWER LEVEL:
POWER
-30.0 dBm
TX SCRAMBLING: DEFAULT-ON
Configure
TX SCRAMBLING IESS-315-ON OFF ( <>, ENTER) ENT
TX CLOCKING MODE: INT

Configure
TX CLOCK EXT LOOP-TIMED (<>, ENTER) ENT
Configure TX SPECTRUM: NORMAL

TX SPECTRUM
INVERTED (<>, ENTER) ENT
TX DATA SENSE: NORMAL

Configure
TX DATA SENSE INVERTED (<>, ENTER)
Configure
RX FEC RX FEC: VITERBI VIT+RS
TCM+RS TCP UNCODED ENT
Configure
RX MODULATION
DEMODULATION: BPSK QPSK
OQPSK 8-PSK 16-QAM ENT
Configure RX CODE RATE: 5/16 21/44

RX CODE RATE
1/2 2/3 3/4 7/8 0.95 Uc ENT
RX DATA RATE: 1544.000kbps

Configure
RX DATA RATE 1621.200ksym (FIXED T1)
Configure
RX IF
RX IF FREQ: 1200.0000 MHz
<>
( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure RX ACQUISITION RANGE:

RX ACQ
+/- 010 kHz (<>, ENTER) ENT
DESCRABLING: DEFAULT-ON
Configure
RX IESS-315-ON OFF (<>, ENTER) ENT
DESCRAMBLER
Configure RX BUFFER: DISABLED

RX BUFFER
( < >, ENTER)
<> ENT
Configure
BUFFER SIZE RX BUFFER; + / - 01024 BITS
(1.3 Ms) ( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure
RX SPECTRUM RX SPECTRUM: NORMAL
Configure
RX DATA SENSE RX DATA SENSE: NORMAL
EB/NO ALARM POINT:

Configure
Eb/No ALARM 02.0 Db (<>, ENTER)
Configure
TIMEBASE FREQUENCY REFERENCE:
REFERENCE
<>
INTERNAL 10 MHz ( , ENTER) ENT
Typical configuration is Internal mode
Also available for special applications

High stability input mode --
External 1, 2, 5, 10, & 20 MHz
Configure TX FIFO ALARM:

TX FIFO-ALARM
ACTIVE MASKED ( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure G.703 BPV ALARM:

BPV ALARM
Configure TX AIS ALARM:

TX AIS ALARM
Configure RX AGC ALARM:

RX AGC ALARM
Configure RX EB/NO ALARM:

EB/NO ALARM
Configure RX AIS ALARM:

RX AIS ALARM
Configure BUFFER ALARM:

BUFFER ALARM
Configure REFERENCE ALARM:

REFERENCE
ALARM ACTIVE MASKED ( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure BUC ALARM:

BUC ALARM
Configure LNB ALARM:

LNB ALARM
Configure BUC M&C FSK COMM:

BUC FSK Comm
ON OFF ( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure BUC FSK ADDRESS: 01:

BUC ADDRESS
( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure BUC DC POWER:

BUC POWER
Configure BUC 10 MHz REFERENCE:

BUC REF
Configure BUC CURRENT ALARM UPPER:

BUC UP LIMIT
LIMIT:2000mA ( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure BUC CURRENT ALARM LOWER:

BUC LOW LIMIT
LIMIT: 1000mA ( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure BUC LO FREQUENCY:

BUC LO FREQ.
OOOOO MHz ( <>, ENTER) ENT
Configure BUC FREQUENCY MIX:

BUC MIX
HIGH-SIDE LOW-SIDE (<>, ENTER) ENT
Configure LNB DC SUPPLY VOLTAGE:

LNB POWER
POWER OFF ( <>, ENTER)
<>
ENT
INTERNAL SUPPLY SELECTABLE

• 13 VDC
• 18 VDC
• 24VDC
Configuring the Modem with LNB
Configure LNB DC SUPPLY VOLTAGE:

LNB POWER
POWER OFF ( <>, ENTER)
<>
ENT
LNB SUPPLY Voltage Selections

• 13 VDC
Select LNB volts in this menu. • 18 VDC
• 24VDC
Configure LNB 10MHz REFERENCE:

LNB 10M REF
Ex: Configure LNB LO FREQUENCY:

LNB LO FREQ.
1O75O MHz ( <>, ENTER)
<>
ENT
Configuring the Modem with LNB
Configure LNB FREQUENCY MIX:

LNB MIX
Select High/Low based on LO type.

(Remember High-side requires RX-Invert)
LNB CURRENT ALARM UPPER:

Configure
LIMIT: 600mA ( <>, ENTER)
<>
LNB UP LIMIT ENT
LNB CURRENT ALARM LOWER:

Configure
<>
LNB LOW LIMIT ENT
Configure LNB 10MHz REFERENCE:

LNB 10M REF
Configure LNB CURRENT ALARM UPPER:

LNB UP LIMIT
<>
ENT
Configure LNB CURRENT ALARM LOWER:

LNB LOW LIMIT
<>
ENT
Configure LNB LO FREQUENCY:

LNB LO FREQ.
OOOOO MHz ( <>, ENTER)
<>
ENT
Configure LNB FREQUENCY MIX:

LNB MIX
REMOTE CONTROL:
Configure
M&C PORT LOCAL REMOTE (<>, ENTER) ENT
ALL DONE !
Configuring the Modem with BUC
• Use these 3 setup steps for BUC types with FSK monitor and control.
Configure BUC M&C FSK COMM:

BUC FSK Comm
Set FSK=ON if BUC has FSK (Ex: Terrasat and Codan)

Otherwise, not needed
Configure BUC FSK ADDRESS: 01:

BUC ADDRESS
( <>, ENTER) ENT
Default BUC address value is 1.
Configure BUC OUTPUT:

BUC TX MODE
Set the BUC output to ON. (for FSK Type)
Configuring the Modem with BUC
Configure BUC LO FREQUENCY:

BUC LO FREQ.
OOOOO MHz ( <>, ENTER) ENT
1. Ku-band BUC, typical 13050 MHz LO

2. C-band BUC, typical 7050 MHz LO
Configure BUC FREQUENCY MIX:

BUC MIX
1. Ku-band BUC, with 13050 MHz LO, is Low Side

2. C-band BUC, typical 7050 MHz LO, is High Side
(Remember High-side requires TX-Invert)
Up and Down Conversion
Output
FILER STAGE On-Air Carrier
950 – 1950 MHz B-A B+A
IF Freq = (A)
B
B
Local Oscillator
LO Freq = (B)
• The Mixing of two signals produces two product outputs: B+A and B -A.
On the + side, as (A ) frequency goes higher, the mixed output goes higher.
On the - side, as (A ) frequency goes higher, the mixed output goes lower.
If modulation such as PSK or QPSK is applied to the (A) signal signal, then the (-) side
output is spectrally backward (inverted) from the original signal. This requires the use of
the IF Spectrum function (Inverted) at either the Tx or Rx location of the satellite link.
Ku TX, LO Frequency Mix Setup
14GHz Transponders 14.5GHz
Low High
Tx L-Band IF
CASE 1
950 - 1750 MHz
Low-Side Mix
CDM-570L
Low High
Normal Spectrum BUC LO 13,050MHz
Setting
Ku RX, LO Frequency Mix Setup
11.7GHz Transponders 12.2GHz
Low High
LO
LO is 10,750MHz
RX L-Band IF
+ Mixing on Low Side
950 - 1950 MHz
LNB
CDM-570L
Low High
Normal Spectrum
Setting
C-Band TX, LO Frequency & Mix Setup
Spectrally Inverted
4GHz Transponders 6GHz
again by the BUC,
comes out
correct !
Low High
In this case set Tx Spectrum = Inverted

Tx L-Band IF CASE 2
950 - 1750 MHz + High-side Mix
Invert
CDM-570L
High Low
Invert TX Spectrum BUC LO 7,050MHz
LO Mix Frequency & Spectrum
 Enter the BUC LO Frequency information from the table into the Utility / Modulator
menu entry window for that value.
 Enter the LNB LO Frequency information from the table into the Utility / Demodulator
menu entry window for that value.
 Verify the Utility modulator / demodulator spectrum inversion setting is matched to the
MIX (+/-) information shown in the table. See the following:
 If MIX = +, then set the modem spectral sense to Normal (+)
 If MIX = –, then set the modem spectral sense to Inverted (–)
As a general rule the satellite provider will require TX signals to the satellite be in the
Normal (Non-inverted) spectrum mode. When a transmission link with any other earth
station site is not acquiring signal lock in a consistent way it is possible that at the
spectral reslationship is mismatched at one end. Either station may or may not be able to
perform loop testing over the satellite. This can sometimes be used to indicate which
station has incorrect settings. If there is a inversion required in the site to site
configuration, try making the spectral inversion on the demodulator side first.
Example Blocks and Levels
Ex: Manufacture’s Specification
Gain 55dB
Power 36dBm @ P1dB
Rx Noise = -145dBm
Rx Signal = -130dBm
Max. -22dBm Antenna

55dB Gain Max. 40dbi
TX
+33dB
4W BUC m
Data I/O CDM-570L
1dB Power compress.

Signal = -40dBm Specified = +36dBm
RX
50dB Gain
LNB
Rated Rated Operation
Watts P1dB Max.
2W 33dBm 30dBm Remember 3dB Back-off required for

4W 36dBm 33dBm proper BUC operation. Link Budget of
5W 37dBm 34dBm
carriers and equipment should allow IF/RF
8W 39dBm 36dBm
power and attenuation ranges to be set to
10W 40dBm 37dBm
proper values!
Configuration Store / Load Functions
SELECT: CONFIGURATION TEST INFORMATION

MONITOR STORE/LOAD UTILITY ODU FAST
ENT
CONFIGURATION: 0 LOAD STORE EDIT
AVAILABLE
Warning Message to Override choose (YES).

ENT CONFIGURATION: 0 OVERRIDE: NO (NO, YES)
19:18:37 02/04/02
ENT
Utility Functions
SELECT: CONFIGURATION TEST INFORMATION

MONITOR STORE/LOAD UTILITY ODU FAST
These configuration options are available

ENT
UTILITIES: SET-RTC DISPLAY-BRIGHTNESS
LAMP 1:1-MANUAL-SWITCH EDIT-CIRCUIT-ID
ENT
1 : 1 System Control
PRESS ENT TO FORCE UNIT

TO STBY ( 1:1 ONLY )
Test Modes
CDM-570L Test Modes
Test mode Options
MODEM TEST MODE = NORMAL

( NORM, TX-CW, TX-1/0, IF , RF , DIG , I/O
NORMAL = NO TEST MODES ON

TX-CW = CW mode, no Modulation >
TX-ALT-1/0 = Dual Signal mode >
IF LOOP = IF Loopback
RF LOOP = RF Loopback
DIG LOOP = Digital Loopback
I/O LOOP = Interface Loopback
Internal BER
Test
Test Modes
This test invokes an internal IF loop. All receive parameters are
temporarily changed to match the Tx configuration.
BER
Test
This test invokes a digital loopback which sends data at the output of
the digital FIR filter on the transmit side, back into the Viterbi decoder
on the Rx side. This tests the interface, Tx baseband circuits, FEC
encoder/decoder and the buffer.
Virtually Fool Proof !

These test modes help verify correct modem operation is possible.
I/O Loop back
Set to
I/O Loopback Set to
Normal
BER Modem
Test
Modem BER
Test
This test invokes two distinct loopbacks.
• The first loop routes data from the transmit data interface and loops it back to the
receive data interface. This will help verify that the data cable and the modem
interface is good.
• The second loop routes data from the satellite demodulator and passes it back
through the modulator to be re-transmitted (Also called Far-End Loop). The far-
end user is required to set the Buffer Clock to RX Sat so that the clocking will be
returned.
BER
Test
RF Loopback Test
Test Loopback RF Link

Set to
RF Loopback
BER
Test Modem
This test invokes an External RF loop setup. All receive parameters are
temporarily changed to match the Tx configuration. There is no internal loop
connection made. This mode tests the local Modem and the local RF equipment
together, via the satellite link path.
Trouble-shooting
CDM-570L Trouble - shooting
I&Q Test Point Connections
• In some cases the Demodulator I&Q constellation

patterns can be used to analyze what is wrong with
the Link or Modem configuration.
• See next page...
J9 Aux Rear Panel
Pin 3 = Q Channel
Pin 11 = I Channel
Oscilloscope
Channel 1&2
X-Y Mode
BER CDM-570L
Test Modem
RF Loopback
or
IF Loopback
Modulation Format and I&Q patterns
0,1,1 90 900
0
900 1350 1,1,0 450 1350 450
0,1,1,0 0,1,1,1 1,1,0,1 1,1,0,0
0,1 1,1
0,1,0
1,1,1 0,1,0,0 0,1,0,1 1,1,1,0 1,1,1,1
00 1800 00 1800 00
1800
0,0,0,0 0,0,0,1 1,0,1,0 1,0,1,1
0,0,0 1,0,1
0,0 1,0 0,0,1,0 0,0,1,1 1,0,0,0 1,0,0,1
0,0,1 1,0,0 2250 3150
2250 2700 3150 2700
2700
EIGHT-PHASE QUADRATURE
QUADRATURE-PHASE
SHIFT KEYING AMPLITUDE
SHIFT KEYING
MODULATION
(Combination of
Amplitude SK
and Phase SK)
X-Y constellation Analysis
Typical eye pattern with Arc shape caused by RF Rotating or wobbling Non-linearity and group-
local IF Loop-back. Equip. Phase Noise pattern can be caused by delay of Earth Station
Adjacent Carrier(s)
equipment OR Satellite
Eye pattern caused by Eye pattern caused by Unlocked Demodulator Typical eye pattern from
Lack of input Carrier Too Much input Carrier caused by Configuration Satellite link with good
Error or Modem problem Signal-Noise level
Performance Measurements
• Power Meter Method

• Most Accurate
• Need Flat Filter with Precisely known Band Width
• Need Spectrally Flat Noise Source
• Can be purchased from NoiseCom or HP
 Spectrum Analyzer Method

Read (S+N0)/N0 off of Spectrum Analyzer

Need educated eye, and Tables

Accuracy +/- 0.3dB
• Modem “Measures” Raw Error Rate
• Provides Very good estimate, Repeatable +/- 0.1dB
• Includes Modem Implementation Loss
• If verified in calibrated setup, we can check implementation
loss, typically .1 to .5 dB
Here is what we are trying to measure
Shannon Limit versus Code Rate
0
Code Rate ~0.0
10-1 Code Rate 0.5
Code Rate 0.8

10-2
10-3
10-4
Typical performance
runs slightly higher than
10-5 Theoretical.
10-6
10-7
10-8
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Viterbi 3/4 rate
Eb/No Shannon vs. code rate
Theoretical
EXAMPLE: The alignment of the Viterbi Theoretical line and the modem
performance line depends on exclusion or inclusion of factors such as: Scrambler,
Differential Encoder, Doppler, Adjacent Channel Interference, Channel Linearity.
Scope display of QPSK constellation
Spectrum Analyzer Method Setup
TX IF
Noise
Source CDM-570L
RX IF MODEM
Bit Error Rate

Test Equipment
Spectrum
Analyzer
• The signal to noise levels can be set to various levels while the
BER values are measured and recorded.
• BER of 10-10 is virtually error free and requires extremely long

test times at low data rates.
S+N/N Measurement on Spectrum Analyzer
Note that adjustment of the Video BW and use of the Video Averaging (when that
feature is available) will aid in obtaining a good measurement.
RL -49.00 dBm
ATTEN 10 dB
2.00 dB/DIV
RES BANDWIDTH
10.0 kHz
10dB S+N/N
M odem Rate = 2144 kbit/s, 3/4 Rate Coding

w ith 7.8 dB Eb/N o (S + N)/N = 10 dB
CENTER 70.000 MHz SPAN 1.000 MHz

*RB 10.0 kHz *VB 10.0 Hz ST 30.00 sec
 Spectrum Analyzer Equivalence

Spectrum Analyzer measures signal and noise power

Analyzer actually reads (S+ N)/N, so we must calculate…

We need to know Signal Power to Noise Density ratio

Sig/No = EbN0 * Bits/Hz * Code Rate

Sig/No = Eb/N0dB + (Bits/Hz)dB + (Code Rate)dB

S+N/N dB = 10*log [10^(Sig/No/10)+1]
Example:
S+N/N = 11.33dB mode (QPSK) 2 (FEC) ½
Eb/N0(linear) = [10exp(11.33/10)]-1 / (2*1/2)

Eb/N0 (dB) = 10 * log{[10exp(11.33/10)]-1 / (2 * 1/2)} = 11.0dB
S+N QPSK FEC Rate

N m=2bits/Hz
Receive Consideration for
Signal Degradation
Performance is effected by other carriers
The modem design is tested for adjacent CW & carrier interference at various channel
spacing. The modem can operate in environments where the adjacent CW signal is as much
as +40dBc higher than the desired carrier. Of course, carriers and CW signals that are
passing too close to or inside the bandwidth of the desired signal will effect BER and cause
signal unlock. Normal perforce can be achieved in the specified signal environment.
Signal input power range: –60dBm to –20dBm

• Sum of all carriers must be <-5dBm
• Sum of all carriers within 10MHz <+30dBc
• Sum of all carriers is <+40dBc
-10MHz +10MHz
+40dBc Adjacent carrier +30dBc Adjacent carrier
* The Satellite Industry Association has made a formal comment to the FCC that
consumer police radar detectors pose a serious interference problem to VSAT stations
operating the 11.7-12.2 GHz band. At ComtechEFData we have had one or two cases
where earth-station employees have the radar detectors in their vehicles determined to be
the problem at the site.
Here is the QPSK as effected by Channel Spacing
• Degradation created by 2 adjacent carriers (Symbol Rates = measurement
channel)
• Zero degradation line = BER performance 10-8
Eb/No Degradation vs. Carrier Spacing
QPSK 3/4 Turbo

0
-0.5 Adjacent
level
Eb/No Degradation
-1
-3 dB
-1.5
0 dB
-2
3 dB
-2.5
6 dB
-3
-3.5
-4
0.70 0.90 1.10 1.30 1.50
Carrier Spacing Normalized To Symbol Rate
Here is the 8PSK effected by Channel Spacing
channel)
Eb/No Degradation Versus Carrier Spacing
8-PSK 3/4 Turbo
0.0
Adjacent
Eb/No Degradation
-0.5 level
-3 dB
-1.0
0 dB
3 dB
-1.5
6 dB
-2.0
-2.5
0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60
Here is the 16QAM as effected by Channel Spacing
channel)
Eb/No Degradation Versus Carrier Spacing
16-QAM 3/4 Turbo
0.0
-0.5 Adjacent
Eb/No Degradation
-1.0 level
-3 dB
-1.5
0 dB
-2.0
3 dB
-2.5
6 dB
-3.0
-3.5
-4.0
0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60
Satellite Signal Channel Spacing
Ex 1: Equal Symbol Rate signals (SR = 3db BW)
( SR ) x 1.4 = Channel Space Traditional
( SR ) x 1.2 = Channel Space Practical
Ex 2: Different Symbol Rate signals

( SR1 + SR2 ) x 0.7 = Channel Space Traditional
( SR1 + SR2 ) x 0.6 = Channel Space Practical
Example: Different bandwidth signals

(4096kHz + 2048kHz) x 0.6 = 3686.4kHz
BI-PHASE QUADRATURE-PHASE
SHIFT KEYING SHIFT KEYING
A BPSK, 2048Kbit, 1/2 A QPSK, 2048Kbit, 1/2

code rate will have a code rate will have a
Channel Space
symbol rate of 4096Kbits symbol rate of 2048Kbits
70 MHz 73.686 MHz
Channel Spacing Error at Low Data Rates
• Symbol rate = 19.200 kbps

( x 1.2 )
• Channel Spacing = 23.040 kHz
• (Error Offset) 3.055 kHz
• Spacing with Drift = 19.985 kHz
• Equivalent Ch. Spacing (x 1.04)
• BER degradation magnitude –103
Remember to take into consideration frequency drift possibilities for Channel Spacing of low data
rate carriers. This requirement is effected by the frequency stability of the transmitted carriers.
The possible worse case frequency drift based on the satellite equipment specifications would
indicate that the theoretical minimum channel spacing used higher data rates is not advisable at low
data rates. At remote locations where frequency settings can not be adjusted a wider channel
spacing factor of 1.3x to x1.4x may be required for network configuration.
TX Modem IF = 170MHz +/-1.5ppm = 255Hz

UpConverter = 14,000MHz +/-.2ppm = 2,800Hz (life drift)
-- Total Tx error frequency -- = 3,055Hz
Acquisition Performance effected by Sweep Range
The modem offers the user the option of setting a wide or narrow sweep span.
Sweep Range = +/-32kHz
• Channel Spacing =
23.04kHz
• Symbol rate = 19.200kbps
In tightly spaced transponder environments with adjacent carriers of similar type the modem operation
can benefit from adjusting the sweep span to a reasonable limit. This requirement is effected by the
channel spacing of the carriers concerned.
In this case, the loss of the required signal (center carrier) will cause the modem to sweep across the
range. The closest lockable signal will be chosen. If the signals are equally spaced the higher
frequency signal will be chosen. This case shows the sweep range could be set to <+/-8kHz.
Digital Delay of FEC Types
FEC Modes (128kbit data rate) The digital delay is measured as a
Digital Delay function of the Input data pattern to
Viterbi, Rate 1/2 6mS the time of the Output data pattern
with modem tested on the lab bench.
Sequential, Rate 1/2 37mS
Viterbi, Rate 1/2 133mS

+ Reed Solomon
Sequential Rate 1/2 261mS
+ Reed Solomon
TPC, Rate 3/4, QPSK 23.5mS
TPC, Rate 21/44, BPSK 32mS
TPC, Rate 5/16, BPSK 24mS TX  RX

I.F. Looped or RF Looped
TPC, Rate 7/8, QPSK 120mS
LDPC, Rate 3/4 , QPSK 120mS
Total Propagation Delay
The time delay from point-A to point-B is the light travel time
(520mSec) plus the digital delay.
The total roundtrip delay is 2x the A to B time delay.
The roundtrip delay value is used as a function of the

Bandwidth Delay Product associated with TCP/IP performance
over network media. This parameter is also used in the WAN
configuration of the TurboIP satellite protocol acceleration
proxy equipment that Comtech EF Data produces.
A
EA
RT
H
B
Why TCP/IP Performance Suffers Over Satellite ?
 TCP/IP performance depends not upon the transfer rate itself, but rather upon the
product of the transfer rate and the round-trip delay.
o Known as “Bandwidth Delay Product” (BDP)
o BDP is not a major issue for Broadcast or Multi-cast operation (One way path)
 Maximum data transfer rate is equal to:
TCP Window size / Round-Trip Delay = Apparent Data Rate max.
 Window Size Limit
o The TCP header uses a 16 bit field to report the receive window size to the sender
this limits the largest window to 216 = 65kBytes
o Total path delay = Network links + Travel time (of Light) + modem FEC
Viterbi ½ w/ Reed-Solomon = 2x(90mS) + 2x(520mS) + 2x(266mS) = 1.752Sec
Turbo ¾ = 2x(90mS) + 2x(520mS) + 2x(47mS) = 1.314Sec
Per TCP session the BDP calculation would be:
Vit+R/S 65536 kBytes / 1.752Sec = 37,406 kBytes/S
Turbo 65536 kBytes / 1.314Sec = 49,875 kBytes/S (33% Improvement)
Base Modem Flash Updates via FTP
ComtechEFData Update files
» The modem memory can be re-programmed in the field by the owner, via
the Ethernet port located on the rear panel.
» The latest version of the “firmware” is always available on the Comtech

EFData web site.
www.comtechefdata.com OR http://206.223.8.10/linksite/flashupgrades
» Click the link downloads then click flash firmware data files the link takes
you to the file list information page. Click on the modem model that you
need to download files.
» You can choose to download either the Zip or the Exe (Self-extracting Zip)
version. Inside those files is contained the Data file, and a History file with
text explaining briefly the changes included in the update version.
Comtech EFData Web-site
This link leads you to IP Module and Base Modem files.

Choose the Base Modem file. Typical files are listed:
1. Old
2. New
Download the BASE MODEM Zip file and extract the BIN file
to a directory of your choice.
Example C:\Temp
Launch COMMAND window and change path to C:\Temp.
IP Address setup overview for FTP
Standard IP Address Class definitions
Class Network (N) Default Available Available Private Networks
Range Network Subnet Networks Hosts* (Reserved)
(H) Hosts
A 1 – 126 N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 126 16,777,214 10.0.0.0 -

10.255.255.255
B 128 – N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0 16,384 65,534 172.16.0.0 –

191 172.31.255.255
C 192 – N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 254 192.168.0.0 –

223 192.168.255.255
D 224 – Multicast Address Range

239
E 240 – Experimental Address Range

254
255.255.255.255 Broadcast, therefore no Net or Host with a 255 is allowed. (Reserved)

0.0.0.0 “Wide Card” set, so no addresses with all “0” allowed. (Reserved)
127.0.0.1 Loopback testing address [used to Ping yourself] (Reserved)
IP Address setup overview for FTP
IP Subnet Mask:
• The Subnet Mask value specifies the break point between Network ID’s and Host ID’s.
• The format is typically shown as ( 10.9.7.23/16 ). The /16 means that 16 bits are being
used to define the Network address range. The remaining bits are used for Host-ID’s.
255 . 255 . 0 0
(Mask) (1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1) . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IP Address 00001010.00001001 .00000111.00010111

10 . 9 . 7 . 23
Network portion || Host (Device address) portion
Default Private Networks

Subnet (Reserved)
255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0 -
10.255.255.255
255.255.0.0 172.16.0.0 –
172.31.255.255
255.255.255.0 192.168.0.0 –
192.168.255.255
Modem Configuration for FTP
Crossover Cable
10.9.7.24 /16
PC Modem
Pair 2 Pair 3
Pair Pair
1 1
Pair 2 Pair 4
Pair 3 Pair 4
RJ-45 CAT5 Crossover Cable RJ-45

Connector 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Connector
Pairs 2 and 3 swap
Modem Configuration for FTP
Straight Cable Straight Cable
10.9.7.24 /16
10.9.7.23 /16
HUB
PC Hub or Switch Modem
Pair 3 Pair 3
Pair 2 1 Pair 4 Pair 2 1 Pair 4
RJ-45 RJ-45 CAT5 Straight Cable

Connector 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Connector Pairs go pin-to-pin
Configuring the PC
You can check that the PC is configured for a compatible IP address and
Subnet Mask by going to command prompt screen and typing
“ipconfig”.
This is the PC’s IP Address. If it has different network value or subnet

change the Modem or the PC address and subnet as required.
Modem Address Configuration for FTP
• The CDM-570L modem does not have DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol),
so the user must manually set the correct IP address and Subnet mask values.
Use the arrow keys to set the REMOTE CONTROL: SERIAL

Address: 010.009.007.023/16
ETHERNET (<>, ENTER) ENT
ETHERNET IP ADDRESS/RANGE
010.009.007.023/16 (<>, ENTER) ENT
Configuring the PC’s IP Address
If required manually set the PC for a correct Network and Host ID.
Use the control panel menu to set the Local Network “Properties”.
Select TCP/IP, click Properties,

change the configuration as required.
10 . 9 . 7 . 24
255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Uploading the FTP File to the Modem
After downloading the BIN file, save it to a known directory.

The Binary file will then be loaded into the modem using the FTP file commands shown on the next pages.
Use the Window's Run box and type "COMMAND" to get to a DOS mode window.
FTP File Transfer Procedure
FTP File Transfer Procedure
User typing input is shown in ‘blue’.
cd\temp < Gets you to the temp directory where you should have saved the .bin file >
ftp 10.9.7.24 < 10.6.30.191 is the IP Address set in the Remote menu in - Ethernet >
User (10.6.30.191:(none)): admin 1234 < Waiting for your user and password (Default = admin 1234 )>
230 Logged in
ftp> prompt < for convenience >
Interactive mode Off.
ftp> hash < for convenience >
Hash mark printing On ftp: (2038 bytes/hash mark)
ftp> put fw10805a.bin bulk: < EX: fw10805a.bin > (not cases sensitive)
200 Port command okay
150 Opening data connection for STOR (10.6.30.191:1097), Please wait...
##########################################################################
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##########################################################################
##########################################################################
##########################################################################
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226 File received OK - 2064384 bytes in 2.127 sec
001 Flash programming Successful!!
ftp: 2064384 bytes sent in 2.09Seconds 986.33Kbytes/sec.
ftp> bye
Image Selection Procedure
During FTP the BIN file is
saved into the non-active
memory location. SELECT: CONFIG MONITOR
Use the modem Firmware
Utility menu to select the TEST INFO SAVE/LOAD UTIL ENT
new image.
Select UTIL: BUFFER CLOCK REF

Firmware
ID 1:1 VFD FIRMWARE FAST ENT
Select FIRMWARE IMAGES:

Firmware IMAGE
INFO SELECT (< >, ENTER) ENT
Was using Image #1,

Change CURRENT ACTIVE IMAGE: #1 now select Image #2
IMAGE
Selection NEXT BOOT IMAGE: #1 #2 ENT
POWER CYCLE NOW TO BOOT Power unit OFF

and ON
FROM SELECTED IMAGE
You have now completed the CDM-570L Firmware Update.
The new firmware is now in use in the modem.
• If required, the older firmware version is still available in memory and it

can be used by performing the Firmware Utility/Select function and
change the active image from 1 to 2, or 2 to 1 depending on the image
numbers in use.
• The Firmware INFO menu shows which versions are currently residing in
the memory images 1 & 2.
Notes

CDM-570L Satellite Modem

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CDM-570L Satellite Modem

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CDM-570L Satellite Modem

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 1

• Features, Options, & Product Family

• Operation and Configuration

 Additional Configuration Menus

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 2

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 3

» Data Interfaces provided:

· RS-422 (provided on EIA-530 port) - - - Standard feature

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 4

-- FAST Options are available for after delivery upgrades

• Increase Data Rate to 5Mbps - - - - (FAST Option)

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 5

• Addition of Turbo Codec Card - - - - (Hardware Option)

» TCP/IP Router Module Board - - - (Hardware Option)

» 48 Volt DC supply - - - (Hardware Option)

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 6

» The modem continuously records average and maximum Transmit Power

» User-defined measurement interval: 10 min, 20 min, 30 min . . . , 90 min

» CMCS software has a built-in scheduler feature to automatically download

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 7

» The Event Log can store 255 Alarm or Fault entries

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 8

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK):

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 9

» Embedded Distant-end Monitor And Control (Standard feature)

» Uses proprietary framed mode of operation - adds 5% overhead on data

» Adds robust error-checking protocol to normal M&C over satellite path

» EDMAC and FSK data link allows communications with Comtech

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 10

» EDMAC is a standard feature in all ComtechEFData CDM-550 & CDM-

» EDMAC provides end-to-end Automatic Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 11

FAST OPTIONS: SET VIEW

These options are available

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 12

FAST OPTIONS: SET VIEW

FAST configuration CODE entry here.

FAST CODE will be sent by E-mail or Fax after contacting

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 13

» CDM-600 Satellite Data Modem

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 14

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 15

48 VDC 180 Watt BUC Power Supply (AC Input)

24 VDC 100 Watt BUC Power Supply (DC Input)

48 VDC 180 Watt BUC Power Supply (DC Input)

Modem as shown with Turbo

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 17

Tx BUC Ku-Band frequencies between 14.0 to 14.5 GHz

Rx LNB Ku-Band frequencies

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 18

NJT5024 (45W consumption)

NJT5016 (38W consumption)

NJT5025 (53W consumption)

NJT5017 (48W consumption)

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 19

Output Ref RX Band Freq CEFD Manf. Voltage LO Freq.

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 20

* TRF and Cables optional items

Parameter Specification RF/TRF-KU-WG75R

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 21

Tx BUC C-Band frequencies between 5.850 to 6.425 GHz

Rx LNB C-Band frequency 3.625 to 4.200 GHz

Copyright 2001, Not to be copied in any form without permission of Comtech/EFData 22