BINOCULAR

SINGLE VISION

Presented by: Fatima Batool

 • Involves in simultaneous use of both
eyes with bifoveal fixation, so that
each eye contributes to a common
single perception of object.

NORMAL
BINOCULAR
SINGLE
VISION:
 • Overlapping visual field.

• Binocularly driven neurons in visual

cortex.
CONDITIONS • Normal retinal correspondence.

FOR NORMAL • Accurate neuromuscular

development and coordination.
B S V:
• Equal image clarity and size for both
eyes.
 A line that connects an object point
with its image on the retina.

VISUAL
DIRECTION:
 • It is the subjective interpretation of
the position of an object in space on
the basis of stimulated retinal
elements.

PROJECTION:
 Areas on each retina that share the same
subjective visual direction (for example,
the foveae share the primary visual
direction).

 Points on the nasal retina of one eye

have corresponding points on the
temporal retina of the other eye and
vice versa.
CORRESPONDI
NG POINTS:
 • An imaginary plane in external
space, relative to both the observer’s
eyes for a given fixation target, all
points on which stimulate
corresponding retinal elements and
HOROPTER: are therefore seen singly and in the
same plane. This plane passes
through the intersection of the visual
axes and therefore includes the point
of fixation in BSV.
HORPTER AND
PA N U M ' S
FUSIONAL
S PA C E :
 • A zone in front of and behind the
horopter in which objects stimulate
slightly non-corresponding retinal
points (retinal disparity).
PA N U M ' S •  Objects within the limits of the
FUSIONAL fusional space are seen singly and
the disparity information is used to
S PA C E :
produce a perception of binocular
depth (stereopsis). Objects in front of
and behind Panum space appear
double
 •  Is the perception of depth. It arises
when objects behind and in front of
the point of fixation (but within
Panum fusional space) stimulate
horizontally disparate retinal
elements simultaneously. The fusion
STEROPSIS: of these disparate images results in a
single visual impression perceived in
depth. A solid object is seen
stereoscopically (in 3D) because
each eye sees a slightly different
aspect of the object. 
 ANY
QUESTIONS?