REVIEW THE PREVIOUS

LESSON
ANALYZE ME!

A B
 ANALYZE ME!
In the below photographs, which reflection is diffuse and
which is specular? Explain your answer briefly.

A B
 ARRANGE ME!
• Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form a correct
word.

1.S P D N I E R S I O
2.T E S T G A R N I C
 ARRANGE ME!
• Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form a correct
word.

3. M P R S U C R E
4. R N D F I C O A T F I
 ARRANGE ME!
• Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form a correct
word.

5. R I N E E C F T N R E E
WAVE PROPERTIES
OF LIGHT
•Light is an integral part of our life.
•With light there is sight.
•We are able to read this page, to behold the
blue sky, the breathtaking red gold sunset at
Manila Bay, fragrant red roses, and the
expensive lavender orchid because light is
reflected from them and enters our eye.
•But what is light? Is it
a particle or a wave?
ANSWER: BOTH.
LIGHT IS SAID TO
HAVE A DUAL
NATURE.
 EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCES SHOWING
ELECTRONS CAN BEHAVE LIKE WAVE
• de Broglie Wavelength
• In 1924, French physicist Louis de Broglie
postulated in his PhD dissertation that if light with
a wave phenomenon acts like a particle, then a
particle may also have a wavelike behavior.
 DAVISSON AND GERMER EXPERIMENT
• In 1927, American physicists Clinton Davisson
and Lester Germer tried to verify a prediction of
classical physics that scattered electrons will
appear from all directions with little dependence
on their intensity, on scattering angle, and energy
of the primary beam.
THEY EXPECTED THAT BECAUSE
OF THE SMALL SIZE OF THE
ELECTRONS, THEY WOULD STILL
BE EXPERIENCING DIFFUSED
REFLECTION EVEN IF THEY HIT A
SMOOTH SURFACE LIKE THAT OF
A CRYSTAL.
• To prevent other molecules from hitting the electrons, the
setup is placed in a vacuum chamber. They performed the
experiment by bombarding a beam of electrons coming
from an electron gun, which is positioned perpendicularly
to a single crystal of nickel. They measured the intensity of
the scattered beam after hitting the nickel crystal using a
movable detector, where a galvanometer is attached. A
galvanometer is a device which detects and measures
small electric currents.
•Constructive
interference is a process
where two waves meet
and add up.
•A diffraction grating is an optical
device made of glass or metal with
a band of equidistant, parallel lines.
When a wave encounters a
diffraction grating, it bends or
diffracts.
•Interference is a process where
two waves meet. Waves can add
up or interfere constructively.
They can also interfere
destructively when they cancel
each other
.
 WAVE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
•1. Dispersion of Light
• It was Isaac Newton who first discovered
that ordinary white light is a combination of
colors. Newton passed sunlight through a
triangular prism that resulted in sunlight
fanning out into a band of colors
•The sequencing of colors is like that of the
rainbow.: red(R) at one end merging
gradually to orange (O). then yellow (Y) to
green (G), blue (B), indigo (I), and violet
(V). Not contented with this result, he placed
a second prism behind the first but in reversed
position and found that the colors recombined
to form white light.
•The splitting of white light into its
constituent colors is called
dispersion. The band of colors
produced is called spectrum. The
name ROY G. BIV is an easy
mnemonic for remembering the
colors in this spectrum.
•But how does a prism disperse white light?
The index of refraction of a material varies
with the color of light. Red has the longest
wavelength but least index of refraction and is
therefore bent the least. On the contrary, violet
is refracted the most. Therefore, red is on top,
while violet is at the bottom of the spectrum.
• A rainbow, nature’s spectacular display of
dispersion of light, is formed when sunlight
passes through the water droplets suspended in
air after a rain shower. It was Rene Descartes
who first gave a detailed explanation of the
formation of a rainbow by mathematically
tracing the path of light in a spherical drop of
water in 1637.
 2. SCATTERING OF LIGHT
Have you ever wondered why the sky is
blue, the sunset red-orange, and the clouds
white? All these will be explained by
another phenomenon associated with
light-scattering.
a. Rayleigh Scattering Named after Lord
Rayleigh (John William Strutt), Rayleigh
scattering occurs when the scattering
particles are small compared to the
wavelength of light interacting with it.
These particles are mostly molecules of
atmospheric gases.
b. Mie Scattering
Mie scattering occurs when the particles are of
the same size as wavelength of light being
scattered. Dust, pollen, water vapor, and
smoke are common Mie scattering particles.
Mie scattering normally occurs in the LOWER
PORTION of the atmosphere.
c. Nonselective Scattering
This type of scattering happens when the
particles are much larger than the wavelength of
light. Common particles responsible for
nonselective scattering are water droplets and
large dust particles. All wavelengths are
scattered almost equally, causing fog and clouds
to appear white.
3. Interference
Perhaps you have noticed the spectrum of colors
reflected from a soap bubble, from an oil slick or
gasoline on a wet road, from a compact disc, from
silvery scales of some fishes, from the eye of a
peacock feather, and from abalone shells and capiz.
All these colors are produced by interference of
light.
Constructive interference
results when the waves arrive
together at a point in phase, that
is, crest to crest or trough to
trough.
.Destructive interference
results when the waves
arrive together at a point 180
degrees out of phase, that is
crest to trough.
4. With your two fingers barely touching
each other, look through them and you
will also see this diffraction pattern.
Diffraction is the bending of light around
an obstacle and subsequent spreading of
light waves into the region behind the
obstacle.
The obstacle may be a slit, a wire, a hole,
strands of hair, feathers, strings, or straight
edge and the like. These obstacles
illuminated by a beam of monochromatic
light from a point source will cast
shadows that are fuzzy at the edges.