TRANSPORT AND

CIRCULATION
 WHAT IS IT
• PLANTS HAVE SIMPLER STRUCTURES THAN
ANIMALS. PLANTS DO HAVE TWO SYSTEMS:
• 1. SHOOT
• 2. ROOT
• IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF SUBSTANCES , PLANTS
TAKE WATER AND MINERALS FROM THE SOIL
THROUGH THE ROOTS AND CONDUCT IT TO THE
LEAVES.
• THE LEAVES PREPARE FOOD FOR THE PLANT, USING
WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE DURING
PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
• FOOD IS THE SOURCE OF ENERGY AND EVERY CELL
OF AN ORGANISM GETS ENERGY BY THE
• PLANT TRANSPORT
• PLANT TRANSPORT INVOLVES:
• 1. ABSORPTION OF WATER THROUGH THE ROOTS
2. UP AND DOWN MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES IN
PHLOEM.
Xylem and phloem facilitate the
transportation of water, minerals and food
throughout the plant. Xylem carries water
and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
Whereas, phloem carries the food prepared
by the leaves to different parts of the
plants.
 ANIMAL CIRCULATION
• NOT ALL ANIMALS HAVE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. THESE INCLUDE THE
LEAST COMPLEX FORMS OF AN IMALS SUCH AS SPONGES,
CNIDARIANS, AND FLATWORMS.
 SPONGES
• SPONGES DO NOT HAVE A NERVOUS, DIGESTIVE, OR
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.THEY RELY ON KEEPING UP A CONSTANT
WATERFLOW THROUGH THEIR BODIES TO OBTAIN FOOD AND
OXYGEN AND TO REMOVE WASTES.
 CNIDARIANS
• CNIDARIANS ALSO DO NOT HAVE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
SIMPLY BECAUSE IT IS NOT NEEDED; ALL CELLS ARE IN
CONTACT WITH THE WATER, WHICH CONTAIN OXYGEN AND
NUTRIENTS.
 FLATWORMS
• IN FLATWORMS, THERE ARE NO VEINS, LYMPH NODES,
OR ARTERIES.FLATWORMS ARE ABLE TO BREATHE
THROUGH THEIR SKIN.
• ANIMAL CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN VERTEBRATES
LIKE HUMAN CONSISTS OF THE HEART, BLOOD ,
AND BLOOD VESSELS.
 THE HEART
• THE HUMAN HEART IS APPROXIMATELY THE SIZE OF A CLOSED
FIST AND IS LOCATED IN THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY. THIS ORGAN
GENERATES BLOOD PRESSURE AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
REGULATING BLOOD SUPPLY TO TISSUES. THE HEART IS A
MUSCULAR PUMP CONSISTING OF FOUR CHAMBERS:
• 1.RIGHT ATRIA
• 2. LEFT ATRIA
• 3. LEFT VENTRICLE
• 4. RIGHT VENTRICLE
 THE BLOOD
• THE BLOOD IS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CONSISTING OF LIQUID PLASMA AND FORMED
ELEMENTS. THE TOTAL BLOOD VOLUME IN AN
AVERAGE ADULT IS APPROXIMATELY 5 LITERS.
• BLOOD CLOTTING PREVENTS FLUID AND CELL
LOSS AND IS PART OF TISSUE REPAIR.
THE BOOD VESSELS
 THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF BLOOD
VESSELS:
• ARTERIES CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM YOUR
HEART.
• VEINS CARRY BLOOD BACK TOWARD YOUR
HEART.
• CAPILLARIES, THE SMALLEST BLOOD VESSELS,
CONNECT ARTERIES AND VEINS.
 OPEN CIRCULATORY SYTEM

• OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

ARE SYSTEMS WHERE BLOOD, RATHER
THAN BEING SEALED TIGHT IN ARTERIES
AND VEINS, SUFFUSES THE BODY AND MAY
BE DIRECTLY OPEN TO THE ENVIRONMENT
AT PLACES SUCH AS THE DIGESTIVE
 CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• A CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS ONE IN WHICH
BLOOD IS ALWAYS CONTAINED WITHIN VESSELS. THIS
DIFFERS FROM OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS IN WHICH
HEMOLYMPH FLOWS INTO OPEN SINUSES SURROUNDING
INTERNAL ORGANS. ALL MAMMALS, INCLUDING
HUMANS, HAVE CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS. SO DO
ALL FISH, BIRDS, REPTILES, AND AMPHIBIANS.
 PULMONARY CIRCULATION
• THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION IS A DIVISION
OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN ALL
VERTEBRATES. THE CIRCUIT BEGINS WITH
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD RETURNED FROM THE
BODY TO THE RIGHT ATRIUM OF THE HEART
WHERE IT IS PUMPED OUT FROM THE RIGHT
VENTRICLE TO THE LUNGS.
• PULMONARY CIRCULATION TRANSPORTS
OXYGEN-POOR BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT
VENTRICLE TO THE LUNGS, WHERE BLOOD
PICKS UP A NEW BLOOD SUPPLY.
• THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS CIRCULATION
OF THE BLOOD TO AND FROM THE LUNGS IS
TO LOAD THE BLOOD WITH OXYGEN.
 SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
• THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION PROVIDES THE
FUNCTIONAL BLOOD SUPPLY TO ALL BODY TISSUE.
IT CARRIES OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS
AND PICKS UP CARBON DIOXIDE AND WASTE
PRODUCTS. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION CARRIES
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE,
THROUGH THE ARTERIES, TO THE CAPILLARIES IN
THE TISSUES OF THE BODY