PLANTS AND ANIMAL ORGAN

SYSTEM: GAS EXCHANGE,

TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION
 This learning plan is designed for
you to:

LEARNING
OBJECTIVE 1. describe the plant system in terms of gas
exchange, transport, and circulation; and
S
2. describe the animal system in terms of
gas exchange, transport, and circulation
 PLANTS GAS
EXCHANGE
• In aquatic plants, water passes among the tissues
and provides the medium for gas exchange.
• In terrestrial plants, air enters the tissues, and the
gases diffuse into the moisture bathing the internal
cells.
• In plants, oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse
through the stomata and the intercellular spaces of
the leaves, and the lenticels of the bark.
PLANTS: GAS
EXCHANGE IN ROOTS

ROOTS can perform gas exchange

- using outgrowths on the roots called
root hairs.
- root hairs increase the surface area
-requires soil to be aerated and moist
PLANTS: GAS • LEAVES can perform gas exchange

EXCHANGE IN -Using air holes called stomata (singular = stoma )

-A pair of guard cells open and close the stoma 
LEAVES
PLANTS: GAS
EXCHANGE IN STEMS
• STEMS can perform gas exchange
• Using air holes called stomata , like leaves
• On woody stems, the stomata leave white
marks called lenticels
TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTS

•The plant transport food, water

and minerals through its system
by using the xylem and the
phloem.
•Xylem vessels are composed of
dead lignified cells connected
end to end.
•Phloem is composed of sieve
tubes, which are closely
associated with companion cells
to facilitate movement of
materials across the cell
cytoplasm.
 Transpiration
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants.

Stomatal Transpiration
o Stomatal transpiration is the
evaporation of water from a plant’s
stomata.  
Cuticular Transpiration
o Cuticular transpiration is the
evaporation of water from a plant’s
cuticle.
o The cuticle is a waxy film that
covers the surface of a plant’s leaves.

Lenticular Transpiration
o Lenticular transpiration is the
evaporation of water from the
lenticles of a plant. Lenticels are
small openings in the bark of
branches and twigs.
 ANIMALS: INTERNAL
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• For gas exchange to reach all parts of the
body, animals require a vascular system .
• Most organisms have a circulatory system ,
which is a vascular system which flows due to
muscular control.
ANIMALS: INTERNAL
TRANSPORT AT ITS
SIMPLEST
• Internal transport at its simplest For unicellular
organisms, gases and other substances enter through
diffusion .
• Streaming of the cytoplasm helps distribute
materials around the cell.
• Unicellular organisms do not have blood.
 ANIMALS: INTERNAL
TRANSPORT AT ITS
SIMPLEST
•  For small multicellular
organisms (i.e. planarian), fluid
containing dissolved gases,
nutrients, and other substances is
ingested .
• The fluid flows freely within the
organism’s cavities, sometimes
assisted by the organism’s
movements .
• A simple transport system does
not require blood.
ANIMALS: THE OPEN
TRANSPORT SYSTEM • Open transport system:
Blood does not stay
contained within blood
vessels. Blood bathes
cells directly.
• Blood sloshes back
and forth.
• Most suited to insects
like the grasshopper.
 ANIMALS: THE CLOSED
TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• The closed transport system

Closed transport system: Blood
is completely enclosed in
vessels.
• Blood is pumped by muscular
contractions.
ANIMALS: THE CLOSED
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• The closed transport system:
- Earthworms (annelids)
-Gases diffuse through the
skin into the blood vessels.
-5 accessory hearts known
as aortic arches (thickened
blood vessels with muscular
walls) contract to pump the
blood forward.
 ANIMALS: THE CLOSED
TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• The closed transport system Closed transport

system:
 Fish
• Gases diffuse through gills into blood.
• Blood travels through the heart only once
during each complete circuit around the body.
ANIMALS: THE CLOSED
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• Closed transport system:
 Amphibians
• Lungs for gas exchange.
• Blood is pumped from the heart to the
lungs, and then back to the heart to be
pumped again.
• Oxygenated blood mixes with
deoxygenated blood in the heart.
• Amphibians make up for this by
performing skin respiration .
• 3-chamber heart
ANIMALS: THE CLOSED
TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• Closed transport system:

 Birds and mammals
• Lungs for gas exchange.
• Blood is pumped from the heart to the
lungs, and then back to the heart to be
pumped again.
• Oxygenated blood DOES NOT MIX with
deoxygenated blood in the heart.
• This is due to a 4-chamber heart 4-
chamber heart
THE HEART
• Made of specialized cardiac
muscle tissue.
• Human heart is divided into 4
chambers: 1 atrium and 1
ventricle on each side of the
heart.
• Atria
• Receive blood
• Ventricles
• Pump blood
GAS EXCHANGE IN
HUMAN

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Inhale air into your nose or mouth

Goes down of the throat and into the trachea, which

is divided into air passages called bronchial tubes.
Bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divide
into smaller air passages called bronchioles.
Bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called
alveoli.
Alveoli is surrounded by capillaries.

Blood is transported to your heart.