Personal Identification

Techniques
Secondary classification
• It is symbolized by CAPITAL LETTERS of the patterns represented by
the TWO INDEX FINGERS after the primary classification in the
classification lines.
• The fingerprint pattern appearing on the right index finger is the
numerator while the fingerprint pattern from the left index finger is
the denominator.
• A combination of the symbols may come out:
• Plain Arch – A
• Tented Arch – T
• Radial Loop – R
• Ulnar Loop – U
• Plain Whorl – W
• Central Pocket Loop Whorl – C
• Double Loop Whorl – D
• Accidental Whorl – X
Illustration:
Classification line 15 R
19 D
The Sub-secondary Classificaton
• It is derived to the process of ridege-counting the loops or ridege
tracing the whorl –type patterns appearing on the index fingers of
both right and left hands.
• Ridge counted – Inner (I) or Outer(O) and number be displayed
on the right upper corner of the block.
• Whorls – are ridged-traced and the result of such tracing is
represented by the letter symbols I,M,O (inner, outer, meeting)
Whorl ridge tracing
• When the ridge being traced from the left delta to the right delta
passes inside or in front of the right delta and there are 3 or more
intervening ridges between the traced ridge and the right delta, the
result of the tracing is known as INNER (I)
• When the ridge traced on either inside or outside of the right delta
and there are 2 or less ridges intervening between the traced ridge,
the result will be MEETING (M)
• When the ridge traced passes outside or below the right delta and
there are 3 or more ridged intervening between the traced ridge and
the right delta, the result will be OUTER (O)