Sub-Secondary Classification- is attained by ridge

counting the loops or ridge tracing the whorls appearing in

the INDEX, MIDDLE and RING (IMR) fingers of both hands.
SYMBOLS used in LOOPS:
O - outer
I - inner
Note: The result of the ridge count must be written on the
right upper corner of the frame in number and later on
converted into symbol and write it on the rightmost
portion of the classification line. Illustrations:
12
SYMBOLS used in WHORLS:
O - outer –
I- inner
M - meeting
Note: The result of the ridge trace must be
written on the right upper corner of the frame
automatically in symbol and re-exhibit it on the
rightmost portion of the classification line.
 SYMBOL that will be used in ARCHES - DASH

Note: To be exhibited only in the classification line.

 LOOPS group for both hands:

Fingers Ridge counts Symbols

 Index: 1----------------9 I
10 or more O

Middle: 1----------------10 I 11 or more O

Ring: 1----------------13 I
14 or more O
WHORLS group for both hands; Symbols

3 or more going inside the right delta I

3 or more going outside the right delta O

2 or less either it goes in or out the right delta M

 Rules in the Ridge Count of Loops
 1. Always starts from the delta to the core.
 2. Ridge/s are counted only when they actually touch a
straight line between the delta and the core.
 a. A bifurcation is counted as 2 ridges
 b. An ending ridge is counted as 1 ridge
 c. A dot ridge as 1 ridge
 d. Criss-crossing meeting of two ridges as 2 ridges
 e. Enclosure as 2 ridges
 f. Long ridge as 1 ridge
 g. Short ridge as 1 ridge