Personal Identification Techniques 48.

Key Classification
49. Automated Fingerprint
Identification System
1. Personal Identification 50. DNA
2. Bertillon Anthropometric System
3. Portrait Parle
4. Forensic Odontology
5. Forensic Serology
6. Dactyloscopy
7. DNA Fingerprinting
8. Alphonse Bertillon
9. Principle of Constancy
10. Principle of Variation
11. Principle of Infallibility
12. Fingerprint
13. Friction Ridges
14. Recurving Ridge
15. Converging Ridges
16. Diverging Ridges
17. Appendage
18. Bifurcation
19. Ridge Ending
20. Island Ridge
21. Enclosure
22. Spur
23. Crossover
24. Pattern Area
25. Type Lines
26. Staple Core
27. Bar or Rod Core
28. Fragmentary Core
29. Pattern Interpretation
30. Loop
31. Ridge Counting
32. Ridge Count
33. Radial Loop
34. Ulnar Loop
35. Plain Whorl
36. Central Pocket Loop
37. Double Loop
38. Accidental Whorl
39. Plain Arch
40. Tented Arch
41. Ridge Tracing
42. Fingerprint Classification
43. Primary Classification
44. Secondary Classification
45. Sub-secondary Classification
46. Final Classification
47. Major Classification
FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION
FORMULA
The original Henry System, as it was
adopted by Scotland Yard in 1901,
converted ridge patterns on all 10 fingers
into a series of letters and numbers
arranged in the form of a fraction.

Key Major Primary Secondary Sub-Secondary Final

Major Primary Secondary Sub-Secondary

1. Primary Classification - is the sum 5. Major Classification - is similar to the

total of all numerical value patterns in sub-secondary classification but it only
a set of fingers plus a fraction of one refers to the thumbs.
over one (1/1). WCDX- with value 6. Key Classification - is the ridge count
patterns. of the first loop pattern from the right
2. Secondary Classification - is the thumb to the right ring, and from the
composition of all capital letter series left thumb to the left ring, excluding
and small letter series. The capital both little fingers. If there is no such
letter series are ATRUWCDX while the loop, the key is the result of the ridge
small letter series are "atr". Capital count of the first whorl treating such as
letter series concern only the index ulnar loop for counting purposes only.
fingers. The key is placed at the extreme left of
3. Sub-secondary classification - is the the classification formula in line with
conversion of the ridge count of the the numerator.
loops or the ridge tracing of the whorl
and other composite of whorl
appearing in the pattern.
4. Final Classification - is the ridge
count of the loops or whorls in both
little fingers expressed in numbers.
The right little is used as the
numerator and the left little as the
denominator and both are placed at
the extreme right of the classification
line. If a loop appears on one finger
and a whorl on the other, enumerate
both their ridge counts by treating the
whorl as an ulnar loop for counting
purposes.