Professional Documents
Culture Documents
QUESTIONS
(2000-2021)
THEME: BODIES
Atish Mathur: MATHUR10
www.atishmathur.com
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NUMBER OF POLITY QUESTIONS PER YEAR
25
20
15
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
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BODIES
4.5
3.5
No. of
Questions 2.5
from this
Topic 2
1.5
0.5
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Years
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Answer: b
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Answer: d
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Answer: d
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Q4: Which of the following bodies does not/do not find mention
in the Constitution? (2013)
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Answer: d
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Answer: c
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Answer: b
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Answer: b
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Answer: c
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Q9: In India, other than ensuring that public funds are used efficiently and for intended
purpose, what is the importance of the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General
(CAG)? (2012)
1. CAG exercises exchequer control on behalf of the Parliament when the President of
India declares national emergency / financial emergency
2. CAG reports on the execution of projects or programmes by the ministries are
discussed by the Public Accounts Committee.
3. Information from CAG reports can be used by investigating agencies to press charges
against those who have violated the law while managing public finances.
4. While dealing with the audit and accounting of government companies, CAG has
certain judicial powers for prosecuting those who violate the law.
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Answer: c
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Answer: d
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Answer: a
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Answer: b
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Answer: a
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Answer: d
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Answer: c
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Answer: b
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Answer: c
(NOTE: Amendments introduced in the structure & composition of NHRC. Discussed later.)
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Answer: b
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Answer: a
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Answer: c
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Answer: b
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Answer: a
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Answer: d
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Answer: b
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Answer: d
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Answer: d
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Answer: a
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Answer: c
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Answer: a
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ANALYSI
S
TOPIC NO. OF QUESTIONS FOCUS AREAS
Constitutional bodies 15 • Election Commission of India
• Finance Commission
• Attorney-General
• Advocate-General
• Comptroller and Auditor General
Extra-Constitutional: Statutory 5 • Zonal Councils
bodies • Central Administrative Tribunal
• National Human Rights
Commission
• Delimitation Commission
• National Green Tribunal (quasi-
judicial in nature)
Extra-Constitutional: Bodies 6 • National Development Council
made under Executive • NITI Aayog
resolution • National Water Resources Council
Order of Precedence 3 Theory
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CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES- OVERVIEW
Sl. Body Articl Appointment Term Removal Composition Conditions Powers/ Functions
No e of Service
1 Election 324 President 6 years or By President, in CEC + Determined Administrative, Advisory & Quasi-Judicial
Commission of 65 years same manner and members by the functions in regard to elections to the
India of age grounds as a (strength President legislatures, that of President & Vice-
judge of Supreme determined by President
Court President)
2 Union Public 315- President 6 years or By President- Chairman + Determined Watchdog of the merit system in India. It is
Service 323 65 years when, members by the concerned with the recruitment of All-India
Commission of age • Adjudged an (strength President Services and Central Services. When
insolvent determined by consulted, advises on promotion &
• Engaged in President) disciplinary matters.
other paid
employment
• In President’s
opinion, unfit
to continue in
office
3 State Public 315- Governor 6 years or By President, on Chairman + Determined Watchdog of the merit system in the State.
Service 323 62 years the same grounds members by the SPSC is consulted, by the Governor and
Commission of age and same manner (strength Governor State HC, while framing rules for
as that of determined by appointment to the judicial service of the
members of Governor) State
UPSC
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CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES- OVERVIEW
(contd.)
Sl. Body Article Appointmen Term Remova Composition Conditions of Powers/ Functions
No. t l Service
4 Finance 280 President President Chairman + 4 Balancing wheel of Fiscal Federalism.
Commission Specifies members Advisory role- recommends the
President on matters of finance,
distribution of net tax proceeds
(vertically & horizontally)
5 National 338 President, by Determined Chairperson + Vice- Determined by To investigate and monitor all matters
Commission warrant by President Chairperson + 3 President relating to constitutional and other
on Scheduled under his (Rules member safeguards for SCs and evaluate their
Castes hand and seal mention 3 working
years) Has the power to regulate its own
procedure
6 National 338-A President, by Determined Chairperson + Vice- Determined by To investigate and monitor all matters
Commission warrant by President Chairperson + 3 President relating to constitutional and other
on Scheduled under his (Rules members safeguards for STs and evaluate their
Tribes (89th hand and seal mention 3 working
CA, 2003) years) Has the power to regulate its own
procedure
7 National 338-B President, by Chairperson + Vice- Determined by It has the authority to examine
Commission warrant Chairperson + 3 President complaints and welfare measures
on Backward under his members regarding socially and educationally
Classes (102nd hand and seal backward classes.
CA, 2018)
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CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES- OVERVIEW
(contd.)
Sl. Body Article Appointmen Term Removal Composition Conditions of Powers/ Functions
No. t Service
8 Special 350-B President Commissione Under Ministry of Minority Affairs.
Officer for r + Deputy Investigates all matters relating to safeguards
Linguistic Commissione provided for linguistic minorities.
Minorities r + Assistant
(7th CA, Commissione
1956) r
9 Comptroller 148 President, by 6 years, or By Determined by Guardian of the public purse and controls the
And Auditor warrant 65 years of President, Parliament entire financial system at Central & State
General of under his age on same levels. Conducts audits of expenditure on
India hand and seal grounds and behalf of the Parliament.
same
manner as
that of SC
Judge
10 Attorney 76 President During By President Highest law officer of the country. Has right
General of pleasure of of audience in all courts in Indian territory,
India the right to speak & participate in proceedings of
President both Houses
11 Advocate 165 Governor During By Highest law officer in the State. Has right of
General of pleasure of Governor audience in all courts in State territory, right
State the to speak & participate in proceedings of both
Governor Houses of State legislature
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EXTRA-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES
(STATUTORY)
Sl. Body Associated Act Composition Term & Appointed by; on Eligibility for Powers/ Functions
No. Removal recommendations of further Govt.
a Committee employment
consisting of
1 National Human Protection of Chairman (former 3 years, or By President; Yes Watchdog of human rights in the
Rights Human Rights judge of SC/ retired 70 years Committee- PM, country- rights relating to life,
Commission (in Act, 1993 CJI) + 5 members (3 of age. Speaker (LS), Deputy liberty, equality and dignity. Any
line with 2019 having knowledge of By Chairman (RS), LoP violation may be inquired suo
Amendment) human rights, President (Both Houses), motu or on a petition.
including 1 woman) Central Home
Minister
2 State Human Protection of Chairman (former 3 years, or By Governor; Yes Can inquire into violation of
Rights Human Rights judge of HC/ retired 70 years Committee- CM, human rights only in respect of
Commission Act, 1993 CJ of HC) + 2 of age. Speaker (SLA), LoP subjects mentioned in State &
members By (SLA), State Home Concurrent lists
President Minister (Nagaland, Meghalaya, Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram don’t have
SHRCs)
3 Central Right to Chief Information 5 years, or By President; No Inter alia looks into the complaints
Information Information Act, Commissioner + 65 years Committee- PM, LoP made to it- pertaining to offices,
Commission 2005 members (max 10) of age. (LS), Union Cabinet financial institutions, PSUs etc.,
(NOTE: By Minister nominated under Central Govt & UTs
proposed President by PM
changes)
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EXTRA-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES
(STATUTORY)
(contd.)
Sl. Body Associated Act Composition Term & Appointed by; on Eligibility for Powers/ Functions
No. Removal recommendations of further
a Committee employment
consisting of under the Govt
4 State Right to State CIC + 5 years, or By Governor; No Inter alia looks into the
Information Information Act, members (max 10) 65 years of Committee- CM, LoP complaints made to it- pertaining
Commission 2005 age. (SLA), State Cabinet to offices, financial institutions,
(NOTE: By Minister nominated by PSUs etc., under the concerned
proposed Governor CM State Govt
changes)
5 Central CVC Act, 2003 Central Vigilance 4 years, or By President; No Apex vigilance institution, free of
Vigilance Commissioner + 65 years of Committee- PM, control from any executive
Commission members (max 2) age. Union Minister of authority, monitoring all vigilance
By President Home Affairs, LoP activity under the Central
(LS) Government
6 Zonal Councils States Chairman (Union Aims at promoting cooperation
(6- Northern, Reorganization Home Minister) + and coordination between states,
Central, Eastern, Act, 1956 Respective CMs + UTs and the Centre; deliberative
Western, Administrator of & advisory body
Southern, North- UTs + 2 ministers
Eastern) from each State
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EXTRA-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES
(STATUTORY)
(contd.)
Sl. Body Associated Act Composition Term Appointed by; on Eligibility for Powers/ Functions
No. recommendations of further
a Committee employment
consisting of under the Govt
7 Delimitation Delimitation Retired SC Judge + By President Delimitation of Parliamentary and
Commission Act, 2002 CEC + Respective Assembly Constituencies.
SEC Orders have the force of law
and cannot be called in question
before any court.
8 Central Administrative Chairman + 5 years, or By President; Original jurisdiction- recruitment
Administrative Tribunals Act members 62 years Committee- Sitting and all service matters of public
Tribunal (presently, 65) (Chairman) Judge of SC servants of AIS (barring, defence
& 65 years (nominated by CJI), forces, SC staff, Secretarial staff
(members) final approval by of Parliament)
Appointments Procedure guided by Principles of
Committee (ACC) Natural Justice
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EXTRA-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES (EXECUTIVE
RESOLUTION)
NITI ( NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA) AAYOG NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
Constituted in 2014, replacing the erstwhile Planning Commission 2016- Proposed to be abolished, but no such
Premier ‘Think Tank’ of the GoI, providing directional & policy inputs, shaped resolution passed yet
by a bottom-up approach Since the inception of NITI Aayog's Governing
Provides for an empowered role of the States as equal partners in national Council (which has almost the same
development; operationalizing the principle of cooperative federalism composition and roles as NDC), the NDC has
Composition: PM (Chairperson) + Governing Council (CMs of States & CMs had no work assigned to it nor did it have any
and Lt. Gov. of UTs) + Regional Council (formed for specific issues, for meetings
specified tenure) + Special Invitees (experts & specialists nominated by the PM) Composition: PM (Chairman) + Union Cabinet
Specialized Wings: Ministers + All CMs + Administrators of all
Research Wing: dedicated think tank of top notch domain experts UTs + members of Planning Commission
Consultancy Wing: provides marketplace of whetted panels of expertise The Draft Five-Year Plan prepared by erstwhile
and funding, providing guidance and overall quality check to the rest Planning Commission, first submitted to Union
Team India Wing: representatives from every State and Ministry, serving as Cabinet, then placed before NDC for its
a permanent platform for national collaboration acceptance. It is then presented to Parliament
Guiding principles: Antyodaya, Inclusion, Village, Demographic Dividend, before a Gazette notification.
People’s Participation, Governance, Sustainability Thus, NDC is the highest body, below the
Subordinate Office: National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Parliament, responsible for policy matters with
Development. regard to Planning for social and economic
Prime objective has been to develop an institutional framework capable of development.
sustaining and steering a systematic applied human resource planning However, it is advisory in nature.
research process.
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ORDER OF
PRECEDENCE
1. President
2. Vice-President
3. Prime Minister
4. Governors of states within their respective states
5. Former presidents
5A. Deputy Prime Minister
6. Chief Justice of India Speaker of Lok Sabha
7. Cabinet Ministers of the Union Chief Ministers of States within their respective States
Vice-Chairperson, NITI Aayog
Former Prime Ministers
Leaders of Opposition in Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha
7A. Holders of Bharat Ratna decoration
8. Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and High Commissioners of Commonwealth countries accredited to India
Chief Ministers of States outside their respective States
Governors of States outside their respective States
9. Judges of Supreme Court
9A. Chairperson, Union Public Service Commission
Chief Election Commissioner
Comptroller & Auditor General of India
10. Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha
Deputy Chief Ministers of States
Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha
Members of the NITI Aayog
Ministers of State of the Union (and any other Minister in the Ministry of Defence for defence matters)
11. Attorney General of India Cabinet Secretary
Lieutenant Governors within their respective Union Territories
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