UNIT 3: MODULE 2

HEREDITY AND VARIATION

THE DNA STRUCTURE

and DNA REPLICATION
NAME ME?
- ALL ORGANISMS ARE COMPOSED OF IT
- SCIENTISTS ESTIMATE THAT OUR BODIES
CONTAIN ANYWHERE FROM 75 TO 100
TRILLION OF IT
- THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF IT IN THE
BODY
- IT MAY PROVIDE A MEANS FOR
REPRODUCTION FOR AN ORGANISM

_______________
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Who wants
to
volunteer?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
NAME ME!
- ALL ORGANISMS ARE COMPOSED OF IT
- SCIENTISTS ESTIMATE THAT OUR BODIES
CONTAIN ANYWHERE FROM 75 TO 100
TRILLION OF IT
- THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF IT IN THE
BODY
- IT MAY PROVIDE A MEANS FOR
REPRODUCTION FOR AN ORGANISM

CELL
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
TELL ME WHAT IS MISSING!

www.timvandevall.com

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Take a look!

www.timvandevall.com

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
•What is the main function of the
nucleus?

Control center of the cell that

contain genetic information or
genome to promote heredity and
variation.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
LET’S VAULT
IN! IN!

zel-duh.deviantart.com
zel-duh.deviantart.com

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Procedure:
1. Illustrate the relationship
among the following:
chromosome, DNA, and gene in 5
minutes.

2. Use your NOTEBOOK in doing

the activity.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
A B C

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DNA, Chromosomes & Genes
Chromosome
_________ a threadlike
structure of nucleic acids
that carries genetic
information.
Gene
_________ a segment of
DNA or unit of heredity
that is transferred from
parent to offspring.
DNA
_________ a nucleic acid
that consists two long
chains of nucleotides
twisted together.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel/classification_inheritance/
genesandinheritancerev1.shtml

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
WATCH AND LEARN!

INSIDE THE NUCLEUS

Guide Question:

What is the relationship among the

following: chromosome, DNA, and
gene?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 

DNA is packed into thread-

like structures called
chromosomes where genes
are located.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Guide questions:
1. What is DNA?RNA?
2. What is DNA replication?
3. Explain how DNA replication
occurs.
4. Why is DNA needed to be
replicated?
 The DNA (Deoxyribonucliec acid)
A DNA is a double helix molecule composed of
complementary strands of deoxyribose units complementary
base pairs of the DNA are held by hydrogen bonds. DNA can
be found inside the nucleus
 RNA is single stranded. Consist of ribose sugar only.
 Examples of RNA types include: mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. All
of these types can be found in the cytoplasm or outside the
nucleus.
 InDNA, adenine always bonds with thymine, and bonds
cytosine with guanine. In RNA, adenine bonds with uracil,
and cytosine with guanine.
The DNA
(Deoxyribonucliec acid)
In 1953, James Watson and
Francis Crick worked out
that DNA is double helix
like a twisted staircase.
The two sugar-phosphate
backbones make up the
sides and the base pairs
make up the rungs or steps
of the twisted staircase.
WATCH AND LEARN!

DNA STRUCTURE
 DNA REPLICATION
DNA replication is the process of making an
exact copy of new DNA. The following are the
events on how DNA replicates:
1. An enzyme called helicase breaks the bond
between nitrogenous bases. The two strands of
DNA split.
2. The bases attached to each strand then pair
up with the free nucleotides found in the
cytoplasm.
 3. The complementary nucleotides are
added to each strand by DNA polymerase to
form new strands. Two new DNA molecules,
each with a parent strand and each with a
new strand are formed. The DNA replication
is known as semi-conservative replication,
because one of the old strands is conserved
in each new molecule.
4. The DNA ligase seals up the new strands
and the new DNA molecules are formed.
WATCH AND LEARN!

DNA REPLICATION
Lets DISCOVER the sequence of DNA!!!
 Lets try!!

What is the complementary strand of the DNA

sequence below?

1. T T A A C G C C G
A
 Lets try!!

What is the complementary strand of the DNA

sequence below?

2. C C G G T A C G A
T
 Lets try!!

What is the complementary strand of the DNA

sequence below?

3. T A C G G C C T A
G
Lets evaluate ourselves!!

Complete the table below (10 points)

 MULTIPLE CHOICE
11. Scientists who worked out to discover the double helix
structure of the DNA?
a. Watson and Crick c. Crick and Newton
b. Watson and Mercury d. Newton and Einstein
(For items 2-4) The following is the base sequence on one strand
of a DNA molecule:
I. A A T G C C A G T G G T II. C G C G T A T A G C T A
III. T T G G C C A T C C A G
12. If DNA strand I is replicated, which of the following
complementary strand is produced?
a. T C G T C C G T C T A G c. T T A C G G T C A C C A
b. A A C C G G T A G G T C d. G C G C A T A T C G A T
13. If DNA strand II is replicated, which of the following
complementary strand is produced?
a. T C G T C C G T C T A G c. T T A C G G T C A C C A
b. A A C C G G T A G G T C d. G C G C A T A T C G A T
14. If DNA strand III is replicated, which of the following
complementary strand is produced?
a. T C G T C C G T C T A G c. T T A C G G T C A C C A
b. A A C C G G T A G G T C d. G C G C A T A T C G A T
15. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base of DNA?
a. adenine b. uracil c. cytosine d. guanine