Chapter One‫الدرس األول‬

The subject & the Predicate ‫ا لمبتدأ وا لخبر‬

The subject & the Predicate are the most important part of any sentence.
The subject is a name of person, place or thing we are taking about.
The predicate makes a statement about the subject. e.g. ‫( َخ ا ِل ٌد تِ ْل ِم ْي ٌذ‬Khalid is a student). ‫ خا لد‬is
subject and ‫ ت ْل ِم ْي ٌذ‬is predicate.
Sentences are of two kinds.
1) Nominal Sentence ‫ا لجملة ا السمية‬ 2) Verbal Sentence‫ا لجملة ا لفعلية‬
Definition:
The sentence which starts with a noun is called Nominal Sentence as: ‫( َخ ا ِل ٌد تِ ْل ِم ْي ٌذ‬Khalid is a
student). This sentence starts with Khalid which is a noun, so it is a nominal sentence (‫ا لجمل ة‬
‫)ا السمية‬.
So the first word of the nominal sentence is known as ‫( ا لمبتدأ‬the subject) and the next word is
known as ‫( ا لخبر‬the predicate).
‫ الخبر‬always agrees with‫ المبتدأ‬in:
1) Gender (Masculine/Feminine) 3) ‫ ا لمبتدأ‬is always definite noun.
2) Number (Singular, Dual or Plural) 4) ‫ ا لخبر‬is always indefinite noun.
 
 

The Demonstrative Pronouns  ‫ارة‬ َ َ‫ش‬‫إل‬

ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ماء‬ ‫س‬
ْ َ ‫أ‬
A Demonstrative Pronoun is a noun that
represents the near or the distant object.
In Arabic however, different Demonstrative
Pronouns are used for singular, dual and plural
objects.
 Demonstrative Pronouns for near things: َ ‫َأ ْس َما ُء ا ِإل َش‬
‫ار ِة لِ لقريب‬
English Gender Arabic
This Masculine/Singular ‫هذا‬
Feminine/Singular ‫َه ٰـ ِذ ِه‬
These two Masculine/Dual ‫ان‬
ِ ‫َه ٰـ‬َ
‫ذ‬
Feminine/Dual
ِ َ‫َه ٰـات‬
‫ان‬
These all Masculine & Feminine/ Plural ‫َه ٰـُؤ ال ِء‬
Demonstrative Pronouns for far things ‫َأ ْس َما ُء ا ِإل َشا َر ِة لِ لبعيد‬
English Transliteration Gender Arabic
That Dhālika Masculine/Singular ‫َذ ِل َك‬
Tilka Feminine/Singular ‫ِت ْل َك‬
Those Dhānika Masculine/Dual ‫َذا ِن َك‬
two
Tānika Feminine/Dual ‫َتا ِن َك‬
Those ulā’ika' Masculine & ‫ُأؤ َل ٰـِئ َك‬
all Feminine/ Plural