PRESENTATION ON THE

TOPIC OF PROTEIN

NAME OF PRESENTERS
RAMAN SHRESTHA
CHANDRABHUSHAN KUSHWAHA
RUPESH UPRETI
PROTEINS: THE
BODY’S BUILDING
BLOCKS
P IS FOR PROTEIN
PROTEIN

• Central Ideas
• Protein is a complex nutrient essential to many important
functions in the body.
• Protein needs can be met by eating a variety of food sources.
WHAT IS PROTEIN?

Protein: an energy-yielding nutrient composed of carbon,

hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
• Differs from carbohydrates and fats because of the presence
of nitrogen.
• The body has at least 30,000 types of protein, each with a
different job.
• The building blocks of all protein molecules are amino acids.
PROTEIN IN THE BODY
Protein in the Body

Muscle

Bone

Skin

Other: blood,
glands, nerve
tissue
THE FUNCTION OF PROTEIN

• Build and maintain tissues

• Protein makes up about 18-20% of our body
• Is a necessary part of every cell (needed to form the structure of muscles, organs, skin, blood,
hair, nails and every other body part).
• Skeletal muscle accounts for more than half of body protein
• Make important compounds
• Body uses proteins to make enzymes, some hormones, and antibodies (defend against
infection and disease)

• Regulate mineral and fluid balance

• Proteins help carry the minerals sodium and potassium from one side of cell walls to the
other (keeps a balance of fluid inside and outside the cell)
THE FUNCTION OF PROTEIN

• Maintain acid-base balance

• Maintenance of the correct level of acidity of a body fluid
• Proteins in the blood act as chemical buffers (counteract an excess of acid or base in a
fluid)

• Carry vital substances

• Used to transport lipoproteins (protein linked with fat), iron, and other nutrients, as
well as oxygen, chromosomes, and other bundles of protein to other parts of cells

• Provide energy
• Provides the cells with the energy they need to exist
• If carbs and fats are lacking, the body uses protein as an energy source
PROTEIN IN THE BODY

• When we consume protein food,

acids in the stomach start to denature
the proteins
• Once the proteins are broken down
into their simplest form the amino
acids are then carried in the blood
stream to the parts of the body they
are needed.
 HOW MUCH PROTEIN DO YOU
NEED?
• Protein is not stored in the body
• Quantity depends on:
• Age
• Gender
• Body Size
• State of Health

• RDA is 52 grams/day for 14-18 year old males, 46 g/day

for females
• 0.85 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight is needed.
WHO NEEDS MORE PROTEIN?

• Growing youth and teens

• Pregnant & Breast Feeding Women
• Teen & Adult Males
• Individuals with Lean Muscle
• Large, tall person in comparison to a small, short person
• ill and Injured People to build antibodies and rebuild damaged
tissue
PROTEIN NEEDS

• Balanced Diet
• Focus on Carbohydrates: 60 – 65%
• Low end of Fats: 20 – 25%
• Remaining calories are adequate for Protein: 10 – 20%
• Avoid dehydration
• Consume low-fat sources of protein
• Use low-fat cooking methods: grilling, baking, & poaching
FOOD SOURCES OF PROTEIN

• Animal Sources of Protein

• The largest source of protein, especially in U.S.
• Beef, Veal, Pork, Lamb, Poultry, & Fish.
• Other: Eggs, Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese
• Average American consumes 200 pounds of meat, poultry and
seafood annually.
• Fast food chains provide the bulk of protein in teens diets
FOOD SOURCES OF PROTEIN

• Meat is an excellent source of protein but can be high in

fat, the same is true for dairy.
• 57% of calories in ground beef come from fat
• Mostly saturated
• No fiber
• Considerably more expensive
FOOD SOURCES OF PROTEIN
• Plant Sources of Protein TEMPEH
• Can be found in grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes
• Legumes capture nitrogen making them more protein dense:
peanuts, black-eyed peas, kidney beans, black beans, lentils,
chickpeas, and lima beans
• Soybeans are a type of legume that can be converted to form
different types of food products – meat alternative
 FOOD SOURCES OF PROTEIN
• Vegetarianism: diet consisting entirely or largely of plant foods.
• Growing trend
• Offers many health benefits
• Good source of fats
• No cholesterol
• High in fiber
• Low in saturated fat

• Negative side
• Not easily digested
 PROTEIN DEFICIENCY & OVER
CONSUMPTION
• Nitrogen Balance: comparison of the nitrogen a person
consumes with the nitrogen he or she excretes.
• Protein is the only energy nutrient that provides nitrogen
• Nitrogen Equilibrium: excrete the same amount that is taken in
• Positive Nitrogen Balance: build new tissue - takes in more
than is excreted
• Negative Nitrogen Balance: tissues that are deteriorating.
• Example: body that is wasting due to starvation
PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
• Deficiency: shortage
• Deficiency Disease: sickness caused by a lack of an
essential nutrient
• In the U.S., typically protein is easy to get in amounts of
excess.
• Populations fighting poverty, deficiency is not
uncommon.
PROTEIN DEFICIENCY

• Child suffering from

Kwashiorkor:
• Does not reach full growth
potential
• Bloated abdomen
• Skinny arms and legs
• Fluid imbalance resulting
in death from simple
illnesses.
PROTEIN OVER CONSUMPTION
• Excess Proteins in the diet
• Most people in the U.S. are guilty of this
• Women eat almost 1 ½ times the RDA
• Men eat nearly twice the RDA
• Lack of education about protein needs
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my supervisor
Anita Thapa Magar who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic “Protein”. I would also like to
acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of all the teachers
in Gyanodaya Secondary School. I would like to extend my gratitude and
appreciation to the entire family of the Department of Chemistry. This
project also helped me in doing a lot of research and I come to know
about so many new things.
 
I would like to thanks my beloved friends for their continuous help and
encouragement.
I am thankful to all my well-wishers for their moral help.
{Thank you}