Human Rights

 Human Rights are internationally agreed standards or rules regulating the conduct of states
towards their own citizens and non-citizens.
 In 1948 United Nations adopted Universal Declaration of Human Rights and decided that Dec.
10 should be observed as Human Rights Day throughout the World.
 The UN Conference on Human Rights and Development in 1993 was a milestone because it
provided and fostered a forum in which society could raise concern about abuse of people or
women.
 Several conventions were set up dealing with rights in a subject wise manner. Some of these are
given below:
 Convention on the status of Refugees
 Convention on Political Rights of Women
 International Convention on the elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination
 Convention against Torture and other Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatments or
Punishments.
 Convention on the Rights of the Child.
 HIV – AIDS
 AIDS - Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome Rate of
 HIV - Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Rank Country HIV/AIDS
Prevalence

1 Swaziland 27.20%
2 Lesotho 25.00%
3 Botswana 21.90%
4 South Africa 18.90%
5 Namibia 13.80%
6 Zimbabwe 13.50%
7 Zambia 12.40%
8 Mozambique 12.30%
9 Malawi 9.20%
 Routes of Transmission of HIV
 Routes of Transmission of HIV  Prevention
 Sexual Contact  Avoid multiple partners
 Blood Exposure  Use protective measures
 Injecting drug use/needle sharing  Use sterile needles each time for
 injection
Occupational exposure
  Never share needles
Transfusion of blood products
  Avoid unnecessary blood transfusions
Perinatal
 All pregnant women should be tested
 Transmission from mother to baby
for HIV
 Breastfeeding
 Other routes
 Organ transplantation
 Artificial insemination
 Needle-prick
 Women Welfare
 A national committee on the status of women was appointed in 1971.
 The National Commission for Women was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1990
to safeguard the rights and legal entitlements of women.
 Some of the major problems faced by women
 Domestic Violence
 Female Feticides
 Child Marriage
 Illiteracy
 Some of the policies regarding women empowerment
 LADLI SCHEME (2008)
 BALIKA SMRIDHI YOJNA (2001)
 SCHEME OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO WIDOWS ( PENSION TO
 WIDOWS ) (2000)
 PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTICVIOLENCE ACT (2005)
 Child Welfare
 In 1992, India ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Child (1989). The basic
principles of this convention are:
 The parties who have ratified the convention shall respect and ensue the rights
set forth in the convention to each child without discrimination irrespective of
child’s parents or guardians, race, color, sex, language, religion, political or
ethnic, social, birth or other status.
 In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by the government or
private social welfare institutions, the best interest of child shall be given
primary consideration.
 The right of every child to survival and development must be protected. This
implies that rights of women have to start with girl child.
 Child Development
 Facilitate physical, mental, emotional and educational development.
 Reduce infant mortality: Immunization, improved nutrition, better sanitation
and water supply.
 Role of Information Technology in
Environment and Health
 Environmental information system (ENVIS) of the Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India is engaged in
collation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of data through its networks to all
concerned centers.
 Role of IT in environmental protection
 Remote sensing: weather forecast, climate change, weather forecast,
wind erosion, water logging, vegetation.
 GIS: capture, store and manage geographic data.
 Role of IT in human health
 Health Information Technology (HIT): Clinical decision support,
Computerized disease registries, Electronic medical record systems,
Electronic prescribing.
 Biological databases: National Centre of Biological Information (NCBI),
Protein Data Bank (PDB), Global Burden of Disease (GBD)
Role of Information Technology in
Environment and Health
The symbol to express support and solidarity to AIDS patient is
A. red ribbon
B. yellow ribbon
C. blue ribbon
D. pink ribbon
Which day is observed as international human right day
A. 21 November
B. 10 december
C. 11th january
D. 14 th February