G OVE R N M E N T CO L L EG E O F E N G I N E E RI N G A N D T EC H N OLO GY JA M M U

D E PA RT M E N T O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G

SESSION (2022-2023)

PRESENTATION ON

BAGLIHAR HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT

PRESENTED BY
MUSHAHID AHMED (191105015)
 CONTENTS

 Power Generating Stations

 Baglihar Hydro-electric Power Project
 Components Of Baglihar Hydro-electric Power Project
Baglihar Hydro-Electric Power Project

In this modern world, the dependence on electricity is so much that it has become
a part and parcel of our life. This is achieved with the help of suitable power
producing units, known as power plants or electric power generating station.

Hydro Electric Power

The hydroelectric stations convert the energy stored in water into electric power by
the use of water turbines coupled with generators. The water stored at higher
altitudes is allowed to impinge on the blades through penstocks, thus the potential
energy of water is first transformed into mechanical energy and then transformed
into electrical energy.
BAGLIHAR HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT
 The hydropower potential of Jammu & Kashmir is estimated to be in the range of 18000 MW.
The Chenab River and its tributaries have the largest potential with an estimate capacity of
8000 MW.
 Project Area:-
The Baglihar Hydro-Electric Project is located in the Ramban Tehsil of Doda district of Jammu
province of Jammu & Kashmir State. The project area lies in mountainous and rugged terrain
Middle Himalayas with the relief ranging from lowest elevation of 700m at the river bed level
to a maximum of 3020m. The river Chenab is the main drainage system of the area.
 Power Intake:-
The intake has been designed for a discharge of 430 cumec. The inlet level of the intake has
been kept at EL 840m, i.e. 10m above the spillway crest level. The intake of Stage I will have
two inlet opening of 10m (W) x 7.5 (H). Both stages are shown in Fig.
Initial Works at Baglihar HEP, November 1997
Contract Features
DAM SITE
 The Dam of Baglihar Hydro-Electric Project is solid gravity concrete dam which is about 317
meters long . Top level of dam is about 845 meters and bottom level is about 700 meters.
Height of the dam is about 144.5 meters. 317 meters long concrete dam is constructed with 9
No s Radial gates controlled spillway for discharging 246000 cumecs of flood flow land
provided with 3 penstocks intakes. A very important section of DAM construction is the
building up of Dam galleries. There are four galleries provided in the Bhagh.liar hydroelectric
Project Dam.
 Rock Fill Dam:-
The 125 meters high ,750 meters long and 600 meters in the wide sat portion. Rock fill dam
involved a total of 90 lac income of material comprising 70 lac of shell material , 10 lac income
of filter and about 15 lac income of clay. The Rock fill dam is constructed departmentally.
About 400 different kinds of Heavy Earthmoving equipments operated by above 3000 skilled
workmen is employed on this major work.
Dam Site
 Spillways Bays:-
The Dam of Baglihar Hydro-Electric Power Project consists of 6 spillway bays which are located on the River
Bed Portion and the discharge is about 126000 cummec. The spillways bays also has gates which is known as
Radial Gates with Hydraulic Hoists and whose dimensions is about 6 x 3 meters (width x height).The spillway
crest elevation is about 808 meters from the sea level.
 Auxillary Spillway Bays:-
The Dam of Baglihar Hydro-Electric Power Project consists of 1 auxiliary spillway bay which is about 837
meters above from the sea level. The auxiliary spillway bay has a gates which is known as Radial Gates with
Hydraulic Hoists and whose dimensions is about 6 x 3 meters (width x height).
 Chute Spillway Bay:-
The Dam of Baglihar Hydro-Electric Power Project consists of 2 chute spillway bays which is located on the left
flank. The discharge through this chute spillway is about 3900 cumecs and it is located about 821 meters
above from the sea level. Like Auxiliary spillway bay and spillway the chute spillway bay also has gates which is
known as Radial Gates with Hydraulic Hoists and whose dimensions is about 10 x 10.5 meters (width x height).
 Dam Site
 Chute Spillway Bay:-
The Dam of Baglihar Hydro-Electric
Power Project consists of 2 chute
spillway bays which is located on the left
flank. The discharge through this chute
spillway is about 3900 cumecs and it is
located about 821 meters above from
the sea level. Like Auxiliary spillway bay
and spillway the chute spillway bay also
has gates which is known as Radial Gates
with Hydraulic Hoists and whose
dimensions is about 10 x 10.5 meters
(width x height).
Advantages of Hydro-Electric Power Station

These stations have the following advantages:

 The plant is simple in construction, robust and requires low maintenance.

 It can respond to changing loads without any difficulty.  No fuel is burnt.
 The efficiency of the plant does not decrease with time provided
maintenance is carried out.
 A single unit of very high output can be used.
 The water after running the turbines can be used for irrigation and other
purposes.
Disadvantages
In addition to the above advantages, the Hydroelectric Power Plants
have the following disadvantages:-

 The cost of the plant including the cost of dam is very high.
 The transmission process is quite expensive as long transmission lines
are required.
 Dependence on nature: As the power generation depends upon the
quantity of water. Therefore, long dry season may affect the generation.
 It requires large area for the reservoir and dam.
Hydroelectric Power generation
Baglihar Plant Overview
Various Elements of Hydro-Electric Plant
 Catchment area :
The surrounding area of hydro electric power plant from where water is collected
into the reservoir is called catchment area.

 Storage reservoir :
A large storage tank is called a reservoir. A reservoir may be natural lake or an
artificial one. Artificial reservoirs are made by constructing one or more dams
across flowing streams. The reservoirs must have huge capacity and large
catchment area so that continue flow of water is available throughout the year.
 Components
 Dam :
It creates a water head provide storage or diversion facility. A storage wall with large
base, behind which water is stored, is called Dam. A dam according to its structural
material may be masonry dam, rock filed dam or earthen dam.
It performs the following functions:
• It creates water head.
• Stores the water in the reservoir.

 Spillways :
The way or passage for water to be released from the dam, when water increases beyond
its safe level are called spillways.
Components
 Value House :
The cabin in which the controls are kept to the valves of the gates of the penstock is
called valve house. It is situated at the start of the penstock and contains main slice
valve which controls the water flow.

 Surge tank :
It is a small reservoir or tank located on a high ground to protect the penstock from
water hammer effect following pressure variation due to increase or decrease in
the demand. A Surge Tank is built just before the turbine. In case of sudden closing
of the water turbine, the surge tank absorbs the water hammerage that may
damage the penstock.
Components
 Penstock :
It connects the fore bay or surge tank to the scroll case of the turbine. It is a huge steel or
reinforced pipe that carries large quantity of water from the valve house top to the
turbine.

 Valves and gates :

These are used to shut off the flow and dewater the turbine.

 Tail race :
Water after moving the turbine is discharged through the tail race. Draft tube discharge
water flows through the tail race moving out of the turbine.
Components
 Draft Tube :
It is connected at the bottom of the scroll case of the turbine and provides outlet
for the water coming out from the rotor (wheel). It is provided in the power plants
to increase the head acting on the water turbine.

 Prime mover or water turbine :

It converts the energy of the falling water into rotational energy. A device or
machine that converts the potential energy of water into mechanical energy
(Rotatory motion) is called a turbine or water wheel. The type of water turbine
used in any hydroelectric power plant depends upon the head of water. it is further
of two types :-
 Components
 Impulse Turbine :
The impulse turbine is composed of moving blades alternating with fixed nozzles. In the impulse
turbine, the water is expanded in fixed nozzles and remains at constant pressure when passing
over the blades. In impulse turbines, the water expands through the nozzle, where most of the
pressure potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. The high- velocity water from fixed
nozzles impacts the blades, changes its direction, which in turn applies a force. The resulting
impulse drives the blades forward, causing the rotor to turn.

 Reaction turbine :
A reaction turbine is built up of rows of fixed blades (as nozzles) and moving blades. The motion of
moving blades is a result of the impulse of steam (caused by a momentum change) as well as the
steam expansion and acceleration relative to them. In other words, they act also like nozzles.
When we went to the Baglihar hydroelectric power project there :-

1. Spiral drain valve was opened for draining of water from spiral casing. Then Spiral case entrance hole
was opened for proper inspection of any abnormality and related works, but there was heavy
leakage observed through MIV disc.
2. After operating the MIV through manual procedure it was found that
3. Main seal Of MIV was damaged.
4. MIV problems were rectified after dewatering whole penstock.
5. Still little bit Leakage was observed through emergency gates. Pen stock dewatering was completed
by making the wall of sand bags inside the penstock.
6. Spiral Main Hole was closed after final inspection and cleaning.
7. The stay-ring, stay vanes and spiral casing were painted with Black Epoxy Paint.
8. Spiral casing, Guide Vanes, Staying and stay Vanes were inspected again physically and were founded
satisfactory
 THANK YOU SO MUCH
FOR YOUR PRECIOUS TIME