‫أسماء الطالب‬

‫اسم الطالب‬ ‫الرقم األكاديمي‬

‫معاذ هاشم أحمد العبسي‬ ‫‪313/2008‬‬
‫كامل سيف ناجي سيف‬ ‫‪244/2009‬‬
‫محمد أحمد بايونس‬ ‫‪78/2008‬‬
‫محمد عمر سالم الطبيلي‬ ‫‪1409/2009‬‬
‫سامي أحمد الحمزي‬ ‫‪340/2009‬‬
Content
 Introduction .
 Gas turbine component.
 Gas turbine applications
 Gas turbine maintenance
Lubrication system
Fuel system
Starting system
Instrumentation and control
Hydraulic System
Oil System Maintenance
Fuel Gas System
Fuel Oil System
Study some of trouble shooting
Gas turbine applications
 Aircraft
 Power plants
 Standby equipment
 Boat and ship propulsion
 Gas pipeline compressor drives
 Railroad (have been used but are not common)
 Automotive (extensive experimentation in the
past)
 Heavy mobile equipment (experimentation)
Gas turbine maintenance
:Contents
Gas turbine applications
Lubrication system
Fuel system
Starting system
Instrumentation and control
Hydraulic System
Oil System Maintenance
Fuel Gas System
Fuel Oil System
Study some of trouble shooting
Lubrication system
The lubrication system
supplies oil to the bearings
for lubrication and cooling.
Depending on the turbine size,
the lube oil may be used for
hydraulic operation of its
.control
Fuel system

For storage tank is required, fuel

pump, and filters. The liquid fuel a
filters are required to remove solids
in the fuel as they could damage
the blades. Some fuels contain
sulfur and other metals, which may
corrode the internal parts of the
.turbine
Starting system

A gas turbine is not self-starting, thus a starting

.motor in an essential auxiliary item
On the start up the gas turbine needs a large
supply of high-pressure air. To get this the gas
turbine should be rotated to about 20%-30% of its
maximum speed before the fuel is turned on. This
is done to give sufficient air compression so that
when the fuel in injected flame is traveling in
correct direction and so the gas turbine will have
enough power to drive the air compressor and
maintain the speed increase
Cooling systems

Cooling system will keep the hot sections

and lube oil in safe operating range. This
system can be air cooled or liquid cooled,
the internal blading and discs will be
.cooled by the secondary air
Instrumentation and control

 Protective devices, such as pressure & temperature switches,

pressure & temperature sensors, vibration detectors, and speed
protection devices is often used to protect the gas turbine from any
abnormal conditions.
 Other instrumentation is used for display and indications of some
operating parameters such as:
 􀂃 RPM of the turbine
 􀂃 RPM of the GG (Gas generator)
 􀂃 Inlet air temperature
 􀂃 Gas temperature before the turbine
 􀂃 Gas temperature after the turbine
 􀂃 Exhaust temperature
 􀂃 Lube oil pressure
 􀂃 Lube oil temperature
 􀂃 Vibration levels
Derivative Gas Turbine Lube Oil System

This oil system is divided into two sections:

a supply system and a scavenge system.
The scavenge system returns the oil from
the bearings to the supply and treating
equipment. All piping, fittings and reservoir
are Type 304 Stainless Steel to prevent
corrosion. The system uses synthetic oil
suitable for high temperatures. The oil
reservoir contains approximately 500 litres
.in a 568 litre tank
Hydraulic System
A hydraulic pump is sometimes provided after the
main lube oil pump to supply high pressure oil for the
actuation of the main turbine instrumentation for
controlling speed and load. The location of the
connection for this point is shown in Fig. 5 by an
asterisk (*), located just after a filter branching off of
the main lube oil line, immediately downstream of the
main lube pump. The hydraulic system is typically the
medium through which the turbine speed sensor
sends its signal to the speed control valve that
modulates the fuel flow to the turbine, as well as to
.the variable inlet and stator vanes, and bleed valves
Oil System Maintenance
 Maintenance consists of:
 Checking for oil leaks (usually daily)
 Monitoring oil pressures and temperatures (usually daily)
 Checking chip detectors when they alarm
 Topping up the oil reservoir or secondary lube oil tank.
Often a second supply tank with an automatic slow fill
valve and level control keeps the reservoir filled.
 Changing oil filters when the differential pressure alarms
 Cleaning the cooler externally
 Taking oil samples regularly for analysis and replacing oil
when required
Calibrating instrumentation and testing protective devices 
Fuel Gas System

A fuel gas compressor is shown in case extra compression is

required to boost a low pressure fuel source. The pressure of
the fuel gas has to be higher than the compressed air delivered
to the combustion section. A pressure regulator and relief valve
are also installed to ensure steady fuel pressures at the
combustor. Low and high pressure switches protect against over
or under pressure conditions. A fuel filter is then installed to
ensure contaminants do not enter the fuel system. Some
systems also have a heat exchanger to remove liquids and
increase fuel temperature to required levels. A fuel gas flow
meter is installed to enable the determination of fuel
.consumption but is otherwise not needed for fuel control
Typical Fuel Gas System
Routine Maintenance

 Fuel gas systems are relatively maintenance free

and automatic protection is usually provided
against common problems. Maintenance consists
of:
 • Checking for fuel gas leaks (usually daily)
 • Monitoring pressures and temperatures (usually
daily)
 • Changing fuel filters at the required differential
pressure
 • Calibrating instrumentation and testing
protective devices
Fuel Oil System

 The system starts with a fuel storage tank and fuel treatment.
 Treatment varies with the type of fuel and may include
centrifuges, filters, de-watering and chemical treatment.
Chemicals that are especially harmful to the turbine section
are sodium, potassium and vanadium since they cause rapid
corrosion.
 The cleaned and treated oil is then filtered and pumped to the
gas turbine where it is filtered once more. There is a main
metering valve with a primary and secondary shutoff valve. At
the fuel metering valve, there is an overflow for unused fuel
back to the fuel tank. Drains are provided on the fuel
manifolds. Protective instrumentation is installed for filter
differential pressure and low pressure.
Fuel oil systems
 Fuel oil systems are relatively maintenance free and
automatic protection is usually provided against common
problems. If specialized fuel treatment is required (for
example when waste products are being used as fuel
sources) more maintenance is generally required.
Maintenance consists of:
 Checking for fuel oil leaks (usually daily)
 Monitoring pressures and temperatures (usually daily)
 Cleaning centrifuges and other treatment components and
replenishing chemicals
 Changing fuel filters at the required differential pressure
 Calibrating instrumentation and testing protective devices.
Routine Maintenance

 Fuel oil systems are relatively maintenance free and

automatic protection is usually provided against common
problems. If specialized fuel treatment is required (for
example when waste products are being used as fuel
sources) more maintenance is generally required.
Maintenance consists of:
 Checking for fuel oil leaks (usually daily)
 Monitoring pressures and temperatures (usually daily)
 Cleaning centrifuges and other treatment components and
replenishing chemicals
 Changing fuel filters at the required differential pressure
 Calibrating instrumentation and testing protective devices.
Protection
 A number of protective devices will first alarm
and then shutdown the engine if certain levels
are exceeded. They normally protect against:
 • Power turbine over speed
 • Exhaust gas temperatures higher than the
maximum limit
 • Excessive vibration
 • Excessive oil and bearing temperatures
 • Fuel gas pressure too low or too high
 • Excessive air intake filter differential pressure
Gas Turbine Preventive Maintenance

The Most Important Item In The Periodical

Maintenance Is The Air Compressor Wash
The major cause of deterioration in gas
turbine performance is fouling of the
compressor blading. Fouling results in a
decrease in compressor efficiency which
reduces overall thermal efficiency and
maximum power. It will also result in
compressor surging and acceleration
.problems
Gas Turbine Preventive Maintenance

Water Wash Fluids

The water that is used must be very clean
and must conform to quality standards
specified by the gas turbine vendor. Using
hard water or water contaminated with
sodium, potassium, vanadium or other
chemicals can cause further fouling and
increased corrosion
Gas Turbine Preventive Maintenance

Off-Line Water wash

To perform an off-line waterwash, the
engine is stopped and allowed to cool
first. Some vendors specify that various
instrumentation, bleed and drain lines be
disconnected prior to water washing.
The engine is then run at maximum
crank speed with the fuel valve and
.igniters deactivated
Gas Turbine Preventive Maintenance

On-Line Waterwash
To perform an on-line wash, the gas turbine is
brought to idle and allowed to cool. The
waterwash fluid or abrasive material is then
injected and burnt in the combustion chamber,
after which the engine is returned to the required
operating condition. This method is sometimes
used to reduce the time between off-line
washes, /however this method is not
recommended with some gas turbine
.manufacture
Other periodical maintenance is six monthly and annual Maintenance

 The manufacturer of the gas turbine identify the

check list of those types of maintenance, in general
it contains the following as example:
 Instrument checks like pressure and temp
switches, transmitters and indicators
 Cleaning the fuel injectors
 Inspection of the thermocouples
 Calibrating pressure safety valves
 Check alignment between gas turbine shaft and
the driven equipment shaft
 Bore scope for the internal parts of the engine
 Gas Turbine Overhauls
 The manufacturer of the gas turbine identify the intervals between
overhauling of the engine according to various parameters such as the
engine running hours, working load (full load or partial load) and the No.
of starts of the engines.
 In general the overhaul of the engine includes the following:
 Repair the air compressor stationary and rotary blades
 Repair /change the combustors
 Repair /change the nozzles and rotary blades of the turbines
 Perform non destructive test for the shaft , rotor disks and the casings
to discover the thin cracks which can not be seen by visual
check ,repair if required
 Cleaning all parts and cooling paths
 Check the seals and bearings, repair/change if required
 Check shaft unbalance and correct if required
 Study some of trouble shooting the gas turbine (some problem)

 1) Low oil pressure alarm

 a. Check the pressure instrumentation (gauge or transmitter)
 b. The pressure regulator need adjusting
 c. The lube oil filter need replacement due to hi deferential pressure
 d. There is blockage in main lube oil header
 e. There is major leak in the lube oil line
 f. The lube oil pump is not pumping due to (cavitations- failure-
pump gear box failure)
 2) High oil temp. alarm
 a. Check the temp. Instrumentation (gauge- RTD)
 b. Oil cooler is not operating
 c. Oil cooler is not clean
 d. The temp. Control valve is internal leaking (by-passing the
cooler)
 e. Problem in one or more lube oil bearing
 f. The lube oil needs to be replaced due to aging
Study some troublchooting the gas
)turbine some problem
 3) Ignition failure (fail to ignite - flame failure)
 a. The fuel pressure is not enough
 b. The igniter is bad or not cleaned
 c. The flame detector is not working
 d. Bad fuel metering valve
 4) The engine fails to reach the self sustain speed
 a. The fuel pressure is not enough
 b. The fuel metering valve is not working good
 c. The speed pick-up is not working
 d. The starter motor is not engaged or is weak
 e. The clutch of the starter is not working good (slipping –
disengaged)
 f. The gas turbine it self is not good
 g. The air bleed valve or the IGV in not-correct position
study some of troublshooting the gas
)turbine some problem
 5) Fail to load the engine
 a. Not enough fuel pressure
 b. Fuel metering valve is not good
 c. Air bleed valve or IGV is not working good
 d. Air intake filter is not clean
 e. Bad engine performance
 6) Hi engine temp. (Exhaust temp.)
 a. Sudden increase in fuel pressure
 b. One tip or more of thermocouples are bad
 c. Bad fuel metering valve
 d. Bad fuel contents (liquids in the fuel)
 e. Bad air intake filters
 f. Bad engine combustors or injectors