Computer Aided Modelling and Analysis Laboratory 20ME68

Prepared by:
Exercises Vinayaka G P
Course Coordinator, CAMA Lab
2. Stress analysis of Stepped Bars subjected to varying loads Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru
Analysis of:
“Stepped Bar”
 Problem Statement
The following details refer to the composite stepped bar shown in the figure:
If the loads are : P1 =60kN, P2=75kN. Determine the extension of the bar, Reaction
forces and stress distribution in each component. Assume Poisson’s ratio as 0.3 for all
sections.
P1 P2

D
A B C

Portion Length Cross-Section Youngs

Modulus
AB 800mm 2400mm2 83GPa
BC 600mm 1200mm2 70GPa
CD 400mm 600mm2 200GPa
 Problem Statement Analysis

• Problem Domain: Structural

• Element type & its geometry: Stepped Bar of Varying Cross
sectional Area.
• Cross Sectional Area:
Portion AB: 2400mm2 Portion BC: 1200mm2 PortionCD:600mm2
• Magnitude & Nature of the Load: Varying Loads:P1 =60kN,
P2=75kN
 Parameters to be Determined

Reaction Force Nodal Stress in

Deformation
(R) the bar (σ)
Problem Solution by Strength of Material Approach
 Calculation of Reaction Force
Force in Portion AB
RAB RAB

A B For body to be in equilibrium:

Force in Portion BC δLAB+δLBC+ δLCD=0
++
RAB -60 RAB-60
On solving,
RAB = 60.60kN
B C
RCD= 74kN
Force in Portion CD= 60kN Tensile

RAB-(60+75) RCD

C D
 Calculation of Deformation

Extension of AB
Extension of CD
P 60.60kN
A=2400mm2 P =-74.4kN
E=83GPa A= 600mm2
= 0.2433mm = -0.248mm

Extension of BC
P =0.60kN
A= 1200mm2
= 1.5*10-3mm
 Calculation of Stress

Stress in AB
σ = -25.260MPa

Stress in BC

σ = -0.51960MPa

Stress in CD

σ =123.96MPa
Problem Solution through ANSYS
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure

Ansys Utility Menu

• File – Clear and Start New-Read File – ok –Verify –Yes
• File- Change Title-Enter “Analysis of Stepped Bar”- Ok
• File – Save as- Save Database to- Type file name as “Analysis of Stepped Bar”-Ok.
Main Menu: Material Properties
• Preferences- Structural-Ok.
• Preprocessor- Element type –Add/Edit/Delete-Element types-Add-Link-3D Finit stn
180-Close.
• Preprocessor-Material Props-Material Model 1- Structural –Linear-elastic-Isotropic-
EX: 83e3(Youngs Modulus) –PRXY: 0.3(Poisson’s ratio)- Close.
• Preprocessor-Material Props-Material Model 2- Structural –Linear-elastic-Isotropic-
EX: 70e3 (Youngs Modulus) –PRXY: 0.3(Poisson’s ratio)- Close.
• Preprocessor-Material Props-Material Model 3- Structural –Linear-elastic-Isotropic-
EX: 200e3 (Youngs Modulus) –PRXY: 0.3(Poisson’s ratio)- Close.
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
• Preprocessor-Sections-Link-Add-Section Data 1: Section Name: AB -Link Area -2400
(Cross sectional area)-Ok.
• Preprocessor-Sections-Link-Add-Section Data 2: Section Name: BC - Link Area -1200
(Cross sectional area)-Ok.
• Preprocessor-Sections-Link-Add-Section Data 3: Section Name: CD- Link Area -600
(Cross sectional area)-Ok.
Main Menu: Model Creation
• Preprocessor- Modelling-Create-Nodes-In Active CS:
• Node Number: 01-Location in Active CS: 0,0,0 (X,Y,Z).
• Node Number: 02-Location in Active CS: 800,0,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Node Number: 03-Location in Active CS: 1400,0,0 (X,Y,Z).
• Node Number: 04-Location in Active CS: 1800,0,0 (X,Y,Z).
• Preprocessor-Modelling-Create-Elements-Elem Attributes-Material Number -1
Section Number- 1 AB.
• Preprocessor-Modelling – Elements-Auto Numbered- Thru Nodes-Pick Node 1 and 2-
Ok.
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
• Preprocessor-Modelling-Create-Elements-Elem Attributes-Material Number -2
Section Number- 2 BC.
• Preprocessor-Modelling – Elements-Auto Numbered- Thru Nodes-Pick Node 2
and 3-Ok.
• Preprocessor-Modelling-Create-Elements-Elem Attributes-Material Number -3
Section Number- 3 CD.
• Preprocessor-Modelling – Elements-Auto Numbered- Thru Nodes-Pick Node-3
and 4-Ok.
Main Menu: Load Application
• Preprocessor-Loads-Define Loads-Apply-Structural-Displacement-On Nodes-
Pick Node 1 and 4-DOFs to be constrained-All DOF-Displacement Value: 0- Ok.
• Command Prompt-f,2,FX,-60000.
• Command Prompt-f,3,FX,-75000.
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
Solution
• Solve-Current LS-Ok-Solution is Done-Close.
General Post Processor
• Plot Results- Deformed Shape- Def+Undeformed -Ok- Record deformation Value
:DMX = -0.24792
• List Results-Reaction Solu- All Items-Ok-Record the Reaction force:
1 60624. 0.0000
4 74376. 0.0000
• Nodal Solution- Stress- X Component of stress- Record the stress value :
NODE SX SY SZ SXY SYZ SXZ
1 -25.260 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 -12.890 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 61.721 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 123.96 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Results:
Results:

Problem Type Parameters Analytical Experimental Error

Approach Approach

1.Reaction Force RAB= 60.62 Node 1:60.62

RCD =74.37 Node 2: 74.37
2.Deformation 0.2479 0.247922
Stepped Bar 3.Stress 123.96 SMX:123.961
SMN:-25.2598