Computer Aided Modelling and Analysis Laboratory 20ME68

Exercises
4. Analysis of Truss 01
Prepared by:
Vinayaka G P
Course Coordinator, CAMA Lab
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru
Analysis of:
“Trusses”
 Truss
• A truss structure consists of only two force members. Therefore, every truss
element is in direct tension or compression.
• Loads are applied only at joints.
• The joints are assumed to be frictionless. i.e., pin joints.
• FEM can easily handle truss problems whether statically determinate and
indeterminate.
• Also, it can provide joint deflection and handle temperature changes.
Boundary conditions for different supports:
 Problem Statement
A small railroad bridge is constructed of steel members, all of which have a cross
sectional area of 3250mm2 A train stops on the bridge and the loads applied to the
truss on one side of the bridge are as shown in the figure. Determine the nodal
deflections, reaction forces, and stress for the truss system. Consider Young’s modulus
= 200GPa, cross section area and poisons ratio of 0.3.
 Problem Statement Analysis
• Problem Domain: Structural
• Element type & its geometry: Truss (Link 180)
• Youngs Modulus: 200GPa
• Poisson’ Ratio: 0.3
• Cross Sectional Area: 3250mm2
• Magnitude & Nature of the Load: Compressive Loads of 280kN,
210kN, 280kN and 360kN, on nodes 1,3,5 and 7respectively.
 Parameters to be Determined

Reaction Forces Nodal Stresses Total

(R) (σ) Deformation
Problem Solution through ANSYS
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure

Ansys Utility Menu

• File – Clear and Start New-Read File – ok –Verify –Yes
• File- Change Title-Enter “Analysis of Truss 01”- Ok
• File – Save as- Save Database to- Type file name as “Analysis of Truss 01”-Ok.
Main Menu: Material Properties
• Preferences- Structural-Ok.
• Preprocessor- Element type –Add/Edit/Delete-Element types-Add-Beam-2node188-
Close.
• Preprocessor-Material Props-Material Model 1- Structural –Linear-elastic-Isotropic-
EX: 200e3(Youngs Modulus) –PRXY: 0.3(Poisson’s ratio)- Close.
• Preprocessor-Sections-Link-Add-Section ID :1-Link Area: 3250-Tension Key-Both
Tension and Compression.
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure

Main Menu: Model Creation

• Preprocessor- Modelling-Create-Keypoints-In Active CS:
• Keypoint Number: 01-Location in Active CS: 0,0,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 02-Location in Active CS: 1750,3000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 03-Location in Active CS: 3500,0,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 04-Location in Active CS: 5250,3000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 05-Location in Active CS: 7000,0,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 06-Location in Active CS: 8750,3000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 06-Location in Active CS: 10500,0,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Preprocessor-Modelling-Create-Lines-In Active CS- Pick Keypoints-1-2, 2-3,3-4,4-
5,5-6,6-7,1-3,3-5,5-7,2-4,4-6.
Truss Design after
defining the keypoints
and lines through
keypoints
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
Main Menu: Meshing
• Preprocessor-Meshing-size controls-manual size-lines-all lines-No. of element
divisions-1-ok.
• Preprocessor-Meshing-Mesh-Lines-Pick all.

Meshed view of the truss structure

 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
• Plot Controls-Numbering-Turn on Keypoint, Line and Node numbers.
Main Menu: Load Application
• Preprocessor-Loads-Define Loads-Apply-Structural-Displacement-On Keypoints-
Pick Keypoint 1 -DOFs to be constrained-All DOF-Displacement Value: 0- Ok.
• Preprocessor-Loads-Define Loads-Apply-Structural-Displacement-On Keypoints-
Pick Keypoint 7 -DOFs to be constrained-UZ and UY=Displacement Value: 0- Ok.
• Command Prompt-fk,1,FY,-280000.
• Command Prompt-fk,3,FY,-210000.
• Command Prompt-fk,5,FY,-280000.
• Command Prompt-fk,7,FY,-360000.

Truss with load and support conditions

 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
Solution
• Solution-Analysis Type-New Analysis-Static-Ok.
• Solve-Current LS-Ok-Solution is Done-Close.
General Post Processor
• Plot Results- Deformed Shape- Def+Undeformed -Ok- Record deformation
Value :DMX = 7.27045
• Command Prompt: SET -Enter
• Element Table-Define Table-Add-Label: STRESS-By sequence number-LS,1-Ok.
• Plot Results-Contour Plot-Elem Table-STRESS-Yes Average-Ok-Record the stress
value from the plot.
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
• List Results-Nodal Solution-DOF Solution-Displacement Vector Sum-ok
NODE UX UY UZ USUM
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 3.0293 -3.4381 0.0000 4.5823
3 0.73291 -6.4487 0.0000 6.4902
4 1.5635 -7.1003 0.0000 7.2705
5 2.2720 -6.8542 0.0000 7.2209
6 -0.48860E-001 -3.6622 0.0000 3.6625
7 3.0782 0.0000 0.0000 3.0782

MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE VALUES

NODE 7 4 0 4
VALUE 3.0782 -7.1003 0.0000 7.2705
• List-Results-Reaction Solu-All Items-ok
NODE FX FY FZ
1 0.20373E-009 0.51333E+006 0.0000
7 0.61667E+006 0.0000

TOTAL VALUES
VALUE 0.20373E-009 0.11300E+007 0.0000
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure

• List Results-Nodal Solution-Stress-Von Misses Stress-ok

NODE S1 S2 S3 SINT SEQV
1 0.0000 0.0000 -20.618 20.618 20.618
2 0.0000 0.0000 -27.920 27.920 27.920
3 51.159 0.0000 0.0000 51.159 51.159
4 0.0000 0.0000 -43.974 43.974 43.974
5 58.439 0.0000 0.0000 58.439 58.439
6 0.0000 0.0000 -30.712 30.712 30.712
7 0.0000 0.0000 -22.680 22.680 22.680

MINIMUM VALUES
NODE 1 1 4 1 1
VALUE 0.0000 0.0000 -43.974 20.618 20.618

MAXIMUM VALUES
NODE 5 1 3 5 5
VALUE 58.439 0.0000 0.0000 58.439 58.439
Results:
Results:

Problem Type Parameters ANSYS

Approach

1.Reaction Force Node 1:

FX: 0.20373E-009
FY:0.51333E+006
Node 7:
FY: 0.61667E+006
Railroad Truss System
2.Deformation 7.27045
3.Stress SMX:92.1367MPa
SMN:8.31172MPa
 Computer Aided Modelling and Analysis Laboratory 20ME68

Exercises
5. Analysis of Truss 02

Prepared by:
Vinayaka G P
Course Coordinator, CAMA Lab
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru
 Problem Statement
Find the deflections, nodal reactions and elemental stresses for the truss structure
shown in the figure. Consider area to be 5000mm2 and Youngs Modulus of 200GPa
and Poisson Ratio to be 0.3
 Problem Statement Analysis
• Problem Domain: Structural
• Element type & its geometry: Truss (Link 180)
• Youngs Modulus: 200GPa
• Poisson’ Ratio: 0.3
• Cross Sectional Area: 5000mm2
• Magnitude & Nature of the Load: Compressive Loads of 1000kN
on nodes 5 and 8 respectively.
• KP 1: All DOF
• KP 2: UY=UZ=0 (roller support)
 Parameters to be Determined

Reaction Forces Nodal Stresses Total

(R) (σ) Deformation
Problem Solution through ANSYS
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure

Ansys Utility Menu

• File – Clear and Start New-Read File – ok –Verify –Yes
• File- Change Title-Enter “Analysis of Truss 02”- Ok
• File – Save as- Save Database to- Type file name as “Analysis of Truss 01”-Ok.
Main Menu: Material Properties
• Preferences- Structural-Ok.
• Preprocessor- Element type –Add/Edit/Delete-Element types-Add-Beam-2node188-
Close.
• Preprocessor-Material Props-Material Model 1- Structural –Linear-elastic-Isotropic-
EX: 200e3(Youngs Modulus) –PRXY: 0.3(Poisson’s ratio)- Close.
• Preprocessor-Sections-Link-Add-Section ID :1-Link Area: 5000-Tension Key-Both
Tension and Compression.
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure

Main Menu: Model Creation

• Preprocessor- Modelling-Create-Keypoint-In Active CS:
• Keypoint Number: 01-Location in Active CS: 0,0,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 02-Location in Active CS: 12000,0,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 03-Location in Active CS: 2400,6000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 04-Location in Active CS: 9600,6000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 05-Location in Active CS: -3000,12000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 06-Location in Active CS: 3000,12000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 07-Location in Active CS: 9000,12000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 08-Location in Active CS: 15000,12000,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 09-Location in Active CS: 3000,16500,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Keypoint Number: 10-Location in Active CS: 9000,16500,0 (X,Y,Z)
• Preprocessor-Modelling-Create-Lines-In Active CS- Pick Keypoints-1-2, 2-4,1-4,1-3,3-
6,6-4,4-7,6-7,7-8,8-10,6-10,10-9,7-10,6-9,9-5.
Truss Design after
defining the keypoints
and lines through
keypoints
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
Main Menu: Meshing
• Preprocessor-Meshing-size controls-manual size-lines-all lines-No. of element
divisions:1-ok.
• Preprocessor-Meshing-Mesh-Lines-Pick all.

Meshed view of the truss structure

 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
• Plot Controls-Numbering-Turn on Keypoint, Line and Node numbers.
Main Menu: Load Application
• Preprocessor-Loads-Define Loads-Apply-Structural-Displacement-On Keypoints-
Pick Keypoint 1 -DOFs to be constrained-All DOF-Displacement Value: 0- Ok.
• Preprocessor-Loads-Define Loads-Apply-Structural-Displacement-On Keypoints-
Pick Keypoint 2 -DOFs to be constrained-UZ and UY=Displacement Value: 0- Ok.
• Command Prompt-fk,5,FY,-1000000.
• Command Prompt-fk,8,FY,-1000000.

Truss with load and support conditions

 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
Solution
• Solution-Analysis Type-New Analysis-Static-Ok.
• Solve-Current LS-Ok-Solution is Done-Close.
General Post Processor
• Plot Results- Deformed Shape- Def+Undeformed -Ok- Record deformation
Value :DMX = 69.6175
• Command Prompt: SET -Enter
• Element Table-Define Table-Add-Label: STRESS-By sequence number-LS,1-Ok.
• Plot Results-Contour Plot-Elem Table-STRESS-Yes Average-Ok-Record the stress
value from the plot.
SMN: -238.583MPa
SMX: 133.333MPa
• List Results-Nodal Solution-DOF Solution-Displacement Vector Sum-ok
NODE UX UY UZ USUM
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 4.8000 0.0000 0.0000 4.8000
3 4.7081 -7.5329 0.0000 8.8832
4 6.8681 -10.243 0.0000 12.333
5 -2.4458 -15.402 0.0000 15.595
6 -7.2236 -19.902 0.0000 21.173
7 -11.046 -15.199 0.0000 18.788
8 0.77641 -19.699 0.0000 19.714
9 -19.046 -66.962 0.0000 69.617
10 5.5542 -57.773 0.0000 58.039
MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE VALUES
NODE 9 9 0 9
VALUE -19.046 -66.962 0.0000 69.617
• List-Results-Reaction Solu-All Items-ok
NODE FX FY FZ
1 -0.10630E-008 0.10000E+007 0.0000
2 0.10000E+007 0.0000

TOTAL VALUES
VALUE -0.10630E-008 0.20000E+007 0.0000
Results:
Results:

Problem Type Parameters ANSYS

Approach

1.Reaction Force Node 1: 1000kN

Node 2: 1000kN

Mobile Tower Truss 2.Deformation 69.6175mm

System
3.Stress SMN: -238.583MPa
SMX: 133.333MPa