-

Working Stresses 21

Particular Equation Eqn. No.

F 2.2
Transverse stress induced around the hole in a CTmax =a-Kn = A Kn
plate of infinite width (Fig. 2.2)

When a plate with a hole is subjected to 2.3

biaxial stresses a-x and a-y acting at right
angles, then the combine d maximum stress
induced (super position)

The notch sensitivity index: 2.4

Estimated fatigue stress concentration factor K,1 = l + q(Kr - l ) 2.5

for normal stress

Estimated combine d fatigue factor for normal 2.6

stress

Estimated fatigue stress concentra tion factor K sf = 1 + q(K5 - 1) 2.7

for shear stress

Theories offailure:
CTx +CTy )
CTe = ( - - - +
(TX - (Ty )2+ ") 2.8(a)
Stress according to the maximum normal 2 ( 2 T X}"
.
stress theory or Rankine theory
= a- 1, maximum principle stress

3.0 -u 1---
F~ F
2.6 ~
F
er= - - -
(B- a)t
2.2
__ _j
t
t
K,
I
'
-~---+ ---+---,,...j 0.2
1.8

1.4 ·+----I - - - - - - - 0.6

L..:::::::::.. ...--____:~_ _,___ ___.,_ __.___ ___.__ _..,____.....J 1.0

1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Ratioa/ B - -

Fig. 2.2: Form Stress Factor due to hole in a plate

22 Working Stresses

Particular I Equation Eqn. No.

Stress according to the maximum strain theory or Saint-Vanant's theory

=(l - <rx +<ry ) (<rx -<Fy )2

<Fe µ) (
2
+ (1 + µ)
2
+ T2xy =<rt - µ<r2 2.8(b)

Stress according to the maximum shear stress theory or Guest's theory

<Fe= 2 ..J(<Fx ; <Fy r + Tiy = ✓(<Fx - <Fy)

2 + 4Tiy = (<r1 - <r2) 2.8(c)

Stress according to shear energy theory or the Hencky-von Mises theory

<Fe = ✓(<r;; - <Fx<Fy + <r; + 3Tiy) = ✓c?j + <F~ - <r1<r2 2.8(d)

Maximum total strain energy theory or 2.8(e)

Haigh's theory

Design for strength:

Influence of size:
The elastic limit ~ for any thickness h er'. _ _ (<re - <Fe3 )(h - 12.5) _ B _ (a)
e - <Fe 75 - 12.5 - <Fe 29
between 12.5 mm and 75 mm (Fig. 2.3 and
2.4) where B is the size factor

l/B = 250 2.9(b)

300 - 4h + (<re)<re)(4h - 50)
value of the ratio (<re3 /<re) for a few materials are given in Table. 2.5

N (100) 1000
s OK
Z _ (80) 800
----- \

:::E N'
; ~ (60) 600
:E..... -----
]' (40) 400
u ,,__..
·z __, (20) 200 -----
f .! No 20 1015 Bessemer

~ --------
~ (0) 0
0 25 50 75 100 125 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Size of section, mm Size of section, mm
Fig. 2.3: Influence of Size on E'/astic Li.mit Fig. 2.4: Change of E'/astic Li.mit with Size of
Section