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Amen
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 EXPLORATORY

TOPIC: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

PROCEDURES /
PRACTICES
Objectives:

• Identify the occupational health and safety.

• Value the importance of knowing the OHS.

• Determine the types of hazard.

What comes into your mind
when you see these pictures?
Unlocking of Difficulties

Hazard- A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health

effects on something or someone.

Occupational health and safety procedures/practices
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area
concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people
engaged in work. The goal is to promote a safe work environment. It
may also protect co-workers, family members, employers,
customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of
the public who are impacted by the workplace environment
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &
SAFETY STANDARDS (OHSS)

A set of mandatory standards which categorizes all

safety orders being enforced.
It contains administrative requirements, general
safety and health rules, technical safety regulations
and other measures to eliminate or reduce
occupational health and safety hazards in the
workplace.
OHSS aims to protect every working person against
the dangers of injury, sickness, or death through
safe and healthful working conditions.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAZARDS
AND RISKS
Hazards are anything that can
cause injury, illness, damage to
property or loss of material.
Risks are the chance of the
worker being harmed by the
hazard.
TYPES OF HAZARDS
• Chemical Hazard
• Physical Hazard
• Biological Hazard
• Electrical Hazard
• Psychological Hazard
Chemical Hazard
Chemical hazard is a type of occupational hazard caused by
exposure to chemicals in the workplace.
Using, storing and disposing of chemicals (also known as
hazardous substances) can result in injury and illness if
appropriate care is not taken. Chemicals may be solids, powders,
liquids or gases, pure chemicals or mixtures.
Workers may be exposed to chemicals by:

• breathing in (inhaling) vapors, fumes, dusts and mists

• being absorbed into the body from direct contact with the skin
and eyes
• swallowing (ingesting)
• injecting into the body

Chemical Hazards Examples: Reactive, toxins, flammables,

corrosives
Chemical Hazard PREVENTION
Preventing physical risk to your team in the lab can often be achieved by effective training
and good housekeeping. Staff should be trained in the proper procedures for lifting, pulling
and pushing, as well as the dangers of repetitive movements, and the handling requirements
for different equipment. Proper housekeeping is essential for preventing slips, trips and falls
in the lab, so any potential hazards should be quickly disposed of or tidied away. Also, a
safety policy can help identify and protect your research team from any kind of potential
hazard.
 physical Hazard
Physical hazard is an agent, factor or circumstance that can cause harm with
or without contact. They can be classified as type of occupational hazard or
environmental hazard.

Physical hazards include:

• ergonomic hazards
• radiation
• heat and cold stress
• vibration hazards
• noise hazards
 
Physical Hazard Examples:
Noise, Projectiles, Heating Devices, moving machinery accidents, Slipping
 
 physical Hazard PREVENTION
When it comes to chemical hazards, effective
prevention is the best way to manage the risks of
working with these dangerous substances.
Practicing proper chemical segregation is essential
in all labs, as some substances can react with each
other to create chemical reactions, fires and even
explosions. Protective clothing and good
housekeeping are also important for protecting your
team from chemical hazards.
Biological Hazard
A biological hazard or biohazard is a biological
substance that poses a threat to the health of living
organisms primarily humans. This could include a
sample of a microorganism, virus or toxin that can
adversely affect human health. A biohazard could also
be a substance harmful to other animals.
Biological Hazard PREVENTIO

Proper storage and protection are key to preventing a biological

emergency in your lab. Wearing appropriate protective clothing
and keeping biological agents contained in the correct areas are
essential for minimizing exposure to risk. Systems and
procedures for safe use, handling, storage and transport of
biological hazards should all be in place. Appropriate
housekeeping, such as disinfecting work surfaces and properly
disposing of waste, are also vital for minimizing biological risk.
 Electrical Hazard
An electrical hazard can be defined as a dangerous condition where a worker could make electrical contact with
energized equipment or a conductor and from which the person may sustain an injury from shock; and/or, there is
potential for the worker to receive an arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast injury.
Some hazards include:

• Loose or improper connections, such as electrical outlets or switches.

• Frayed appliance or extension cords.
• Pinched or pierced wire insulation, which could occur from, for example, a chair leg sitting on an extension
cord.
• Cracked wire insulation caused by heat, age, corrosion or bending.
 
Electrical Hazard Examples:
Fire, Shock, Malfunctioning electric equipment, Unsafe use of extension cords
Electrical Hazard prevention

Electrical hazards can easily be overlooked in labs, which

tend to have more health and safety risks than in other
workplaces. Electrical hazards are potentially life
threatening, however, so minimizing their risk is vital. All
power outlets that could be exposed to wet conditions
should be equipped with ground-fault circuit interrupters.
Flexible extension cords should also be well maintained
and never used as a substitute for permanent wiring.
Electrical pendants can be used where possible to keep
cords out of the way.
Psychological Hazard
A psychological hazard is any hazard that affects the mental well-being or mental
health of the worker by overwhelming individual coping mechanisms and impacting the
worker's ability to work in a healthy and safe manner.
Work Organizational Factors Workplace violence and harassment
• Working alone
• Change
• Technological change Technological change
• Fatigue and hours of work
 
Personal Factors
• Substance abuse
• Depression, anxiety, other mental illness Age-related factors
• Work-life conflict
Psychological Hazard prevention

• Develop and regularly review hazard assessments related to

psychological hazards.
• Recognize that the hazard may vary according to the client or
situation and develop action plans accordingly.
• Ensure plans are in place proactively to deal with ensure
plans are in place proactively to deal with violence or abuse.
• Identify working alone situations and develop control
strategies.
RISK ASSESSMENT
A risk assessment is a systematic examination of a
task, job or process that you carry out at work for the
purpose of identifying the significant hazards, the
risk of someone being harmed and deciding what
further control measures you must take to reduce the
risk to an acceptable level.
Direction: Read the questions
carefully and choose the correct
answer:
 OHS stands for what?

A Occupation Healthy Safety

B Occupational Healthy Services

C Occupational Health and Safety

D Occupation Health and
Services

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 Anything that can cause injury, illness, damage to property or loss of
material.

A Chemicals B Hazards

C Danger D Risks

>
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 The chance of the worker being harmed by the
hazard.

A Hazard B Psychological

C Risks D Danger

>
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 A systematic examine action of a task, job or process that you carry out
at work for the purpose of identifying the significant hazards.

A Risk Control
B Risk Managing

C Risk Management
D Risk Assessment

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 A type of occupational hazard caused by exposure to chemicals in the
workplace.

A Biological Hazard
B Electrical Hazard

C Physical Hazard
D Chemical Hazard

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 LET’S CHECK
YOUR ANSWER
 OHS stands for what?

A Occupation Healthy Safety

B Occupational Healthy Services

C Occupational Health and Safety

D Occupation Health and
Services

>
tekhnologic
 Anything that can cause injury, illness, damage to property or loss of
material.

A Chemicals B Hazards

C Danger D Risks

>
tekhnologic
 The chance of the worker being harmed by the
hazard.

A Hazard B Psychological

C Risks D Danger

>
tekhnologic
 A systematic examine action of a task, job or process that you carry out
at work for the purpose of identifying the significant hazards.

A Risk Control
B Risk Managing

C Risk Management
D Risk Assessment

>
tekhnologic
 A type of occupational hazard caused by exposure to chemicals in the
workplace.

A Biological Hazard
B Electrical Hazard

C Physical Hazard
D Chemical Hazard

>
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 ASSIGNMENT
1. Search and read about PPE.
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