Paper 3: Weimar and Nazi

Germany, 1918–39​

Revision: Gap Fill Exercises

Note: This is a starting point for your revision!

1
 Treaty of Versailles – Weimar Republic
The new German government
was forced to sign a peace
settlement called the Treaty of
_________________ . The
treaty punished Germany
militarily, territorially and
financially.  as _______________ to their
The terms of the Treaty of
Versailles: Reparations - This
was the name given to the
___________ Germany had to
pay for the damage suffered by
Britain and France during the
war. In 1922 the amount to be
paid was set at
£_____________.
Why did the Germans resent
the Treaty? – Germany had not
ben allowed a part in the
_____________– the Treaty
was a ______________.
traitors
6.6 billion
submarines
Versailles
Article 231
People blamed the leaders of
the new German republic for
signing it. They were labelled
the ‘____________________ ’
because they surrendered in
November 1918 and were seen
country.
The terms of the Treaty of
Versailles: Armed Forces –
Army limited to ____________,
all planes destroyed and no air
force allowed. Germany Navy
limited to six battleships and no
_______________.
Why did the Germans resent
the Treaty? – ‘War Guilt’
_________________ –
Germany wasn’t the only
country that started the First
World War.
money
War Guilt Clause
territory
colonies
collapse
The terms of the Treaty of
Versailles: Blame - Germany
was forced to accept the blame
for starting the war under
article 231 of the treaty, known
as the
_________________
________________.
The terms of the Treaty of
Versailles: Territory - Germany
lost 13% of it’s European
________________as well as
11 of its overseas
______________ (other
countries under Germany’s
control).
Why did the Germans resent
the Treaty? – The huge
_______________. Germany
was being punished. Harsh
measures caused Germany’s
economy to ______________.
10,000
reparations
November criminals
negotiations
Diktat
2
 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution
After the end of World War
One, a _________________
government with a new
constitution was established in
Germany in ______________ .
Strengths: A Bill of
Rights guaranteed every
German citizen freedom of
_________________ and
religion, and
_________________ under the
law.
Weaknesses: ______________
_________________  - Each
party got the same percentage
of ____________ in parliament
as the percentage of
____________ it received in an
election. However, this led to
governments that were
unstable.
speech
government
democracy
Proportional
representation
Article 48
The Weimar Republic was set
up as a _______________
___________________ which
tried to give genuine power to
all German adults. However, it
had major flaws that
contributed to its downfall in
1933-34.
Strengths: The voting age was
reduced to __________.
Women were now able to vote
as well as men.
Weaknesses: ______________ -
This gave the president the
power to act without
_________________ approval
in an emergency. The definition
of ‘emergency’ was not clear
so the power was overused,
which weakened Germans’
confidence in democracy.
democratic
seats
Kaiser
representative democracy
parliament’s
Strengths: The power of
the Reichstag - The Reichstag
appointed the ______________
and made all _____________.
This was very different from its
powers before the war under
the ______________.
Weaknesses: Many Germans
did not like the idea of
________________. As it
wasn’t the choice of the people,
it wasn’t very popular.
Which of the following
features of the Weimar
constitution was considered to
be a strength?
⃝ Article 48
⃝ Bill of Rights
⃝ Proportional
Representation
21
laws
1919
equality
votes 3
 Recovery 1923-29–Weimar Germany
From 1923-1929, Germany’s
economy showed signs of
recovery although there were
still problems.
_________________________,
the new chancellor, played and
important role.
1924-1930 – US loans,
particularly, the
____________________- a
plan designed to help Germany
pay its reparations. Instalments
were reduced to
£_____________ a year. This
greatly helped German
industry.
1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact –
Germany was one of ___
countries that agreed to settle
disputes _______________. It
helped other countries to trust
Germany more.
Rentenmark
reparations
Belgium
50 million
League of Nations
1923 – Stresemann introduced
a new currency called the
_______________ in November
1923. It helped to stabilise the
currency and the Germany
people showed confidence in it.
1925 Locarno Pact – Germany
agreed to new border with
France. The Locarno Pact
helped to improve relations
with Britain and France. It
guaranteed borders with
____________, France and
___________.
1929 Young Plan – Reduced
total reparations to
£_______________ and
payments could be made over a
longer time. Lower reparations
meant lower __________ for
German people.
nationalists
Gustav Stresemann
62
Reichsmark
taxes
1924 – In August 1924, The
_____________ was given
control of the Rentenmark and
renamed it the
________________. It’s value
was backed by gold which
gradually restored the value of
German money.
1925 – Stresemann negotiated
Germany entry into the
_________________________.
This meant that Germany was
recognised as a great power
once again.
Germany was accepted by
other countries, but German
________________ hated the
Dawes and Young Plans and
were against having to pay
_______________ at all.
Reichsbank
2 million
Dawes Plan
peacefully
Italy
4
 Munich Putsch and the aftermath – Nazi Germany
Munich Putsch - A failed
attempt in November ________
by Hitler to overthrow the
government of the
______________________.
Why? By 1923, the Nazi party
had ____________ members
and was stronger than ever
before.
Consequences: Hitler was tried
for _________________
(betraying his country) and
sentenced to five years in
prison.
Mussolini
democratic
55,000
1923
revolution
Why? Hitler hoped to copy
_____________________- the
Italian fascist leader - who had
come to power in Italy in 1922
by marching on___________.
Hitler and 3000 supporters
marched on ______________
town centre to declare himself
president of Germany. The
group was met by state police.
There was a short fight and
________ SA members were
killed. Hitler was arrested
_______ days later.
Consequences: During his time
in prison, he wrote
‘_________________’ . This
book became a bestseller when
published – it outlined his
political ideas and his views on
Jews.
2 Rome
banned
hyperinflation
high treason
Munich
Why? The Weimar Republic
was in crisis due to
_________________.
Consequences: The Nazi party
was_____________, and Hitler
was prevented from speaking in
public until __________.
Hitler realised that he would
never come to power by
________________ and that he
would have use
_________________ means, so
he reorganised the party to
enable it to take part in
elections.
16
1927
Weimar Republic
Mein Kampf
5
 Growth in support 1929-32 – Weimar Germany
Weimar problems – the Weimar
government was weak and had
not solved the
________________ problems.
Weimar problems – many
Germans were unhappy with
the Weimar Republic. With no
__________, and benefits cut,
families suffered terrible
________________.
Rise of Nazis – Hitler promised
to restore __________and
_____________.
work
order
1923
speeches
political
Weimar problems – the Weimar
government refused to print
more money for fear of creating
an ________________ crisis like
that of _______.
Rise of Nazis – The
____________________, led to
mass unemployment which
allowed the Nazis to get their
message across.
Rise of Nazis – Hitler was
popular and featured on their
______________, and travelled
the country to make election
_____________.
depression
economic
society
unemployment benefit
working classes
Weimar problems – the Weimar
government cut
__________________________
which was unpopular.
Rise of Nazis – the uniformed
SA (______________________)
made the Nazis seem strong.
The SA disrupted opposition
from other ________________
parties.
Rise of Nazis – Hitler appealed
to all sectors of
________________ in one way
or another – he promised the
__________________________
that he could give them work
and food.
inflation
posters
Stormtroopers
law
poverty
6
 Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act 1933 – Nazi
Germany
In March 1933 a Dutch
communist set fire to
the_______________. Hitler
used this opportunity to accuse
the ________________ party of
conspiracy against the
government.
The Nazi party managed to
secure ______________ of the
seats by using the emergency
powers to prevent to
communists from taking up
their __________ seats.
The Enabling Act stated that:
1) The _________Cabinet
could pass new laws.
2) The laws would overrule the
______________________.
3) ______________would
propose the laws.
Nazi
Hitler
Enabling
legally
Hindenburg
Hitler used the fire to persuade
President __________________
to pass an emergency law
restricting personal liberty. This
enabled him to imprison many
communist leaders.
This gave Hitler enough seats to
change the constitution and
pass the _____________ Act.
This meant Hitler now had the
power to issue new laws
without consulting
__________________.
Hitler made the Nazis the only
legal __________________
organisation in the country -
no-one could now challenge the
Nazis _______________-
making opposition very
dangerous.
Reich
Reichstag
decrees
two-thirds
constitution
Hitler also persuaded
Hindenburg to call an
_____________ in order to
secure more
___________seats.
The Enabling Act (The Law for
removing the Distress of the
People and the Reich) gave
Hitler the power to issue
emergency ________________
without the approval of
President Hindenburg.
What allowed Hitler to
introduce new laws without
the consent of the Reichstag?
⃝ Enabling Act
⃝ Reichstag Fire Law
⃝ Concordat
Communist
81
political
election
Parliament
7
 Hitler becomes Führer – Nazi Germany
Hitler took a series of steps to
secure the _______________in
1934.
Many of the SA were y angry at
still being _______________,
but they were loyal to Röhm.
_________________________
was the only person senior to
Hitler. In August 1934, he died.
Within hours, a law was passed,
merging the roles of
______________ and President
to create new role
of______________.
Night of the Long Knives
Ernst Röhm
replace
Führer
Hitler felt _________________
by the leader of the SA
________________– he did not
agree with Hitler’s policies.
On June 30, Hitler organised the
‘_________________________
____________’ during which
those who threatened to
oppose the Nazi Party were
______________.
The day Hindenburg died, Hitler
announced the army should
swear an oath of allegiance to
___________, not to Germany.
Chancellor
100
dictatorship
murdered
The SA was much bigger than
the _________________ and
the army feared Röhm wanted
to _________________ them.
The leader of the SA Röhm and
_________SA leaders were
invited to a meeting – when the
leaders arrived they were
arrested by the SS and later
shot.
What was the date o the Night
of the Long Knives when Hitler
eliminated the leadership of the
SA?
⃝ 24 April 1934
⃝ 30 June 1934
⃝ 14 July 933
threatened
him
President Hindenburg
unemployed
8
 A Police State – Nazi Germany
The Nazis used the SS, SD and
the Gestapo to control
everyone’s lives. Anyone the
Nazis were suspicious of could
_______________ at any time.
They could be killed or taken to
________________________.
Gestapo – this was the Nazis’
secret police force. They were
led by ____________________.
Its job was to monitor the
German population for signs of
opposition or
____________________ to Nazi
rule. 
All judges had to belong to the
National Socialist League for the
Maintenance of the Law. They
also had to favour the Nazi
Party in any
___________________.
Schutzstaffel
decision
fear
judges
resistance
Hitler set up his own security
forces as he realised not all the
existing German police
________________ him. These
forces were run by the Nazi
party – their main weapon
was_________.
SD (Security Service) - The
__________________________
was the intelligence gathering
agency of the SS. It was
responsible for the
________________ of Hitler
and other top Nazis.
Hitler also abolished trial
by_____________ – only judges
could decide whether someone
was guilty or innocent.
secret
disappear
Reynhard Heydrich
security
concentration camps
SS (Protection Squad) – The
______________________
were set up and controlled by
_______________. They
controlled all of Germany’s
police and security forces.
Hitler also controlled the legal
system so that meant it was
very difficult for anyone to
________________ him. He did
this by controlling
________________.
He set up a People’s Court to
hear all treason cases. Trials
were held in ______________
and judges were hand-picked.
oppose
jury
Himmler
supported
Sicherheitsdienst
9
 Policies towards the Churches – Nazi Germany
The Nazis wanted total loyalty
to Hitler and his____________.
The churches were potentially a
threat to his power and
therefore Hitler needed to
control the churches’
_________________.
Hitler broke his promise by
______________ Catholic youth
organisations and sending some
Catholic priests to
_________________________.
In 1934 some protestants, led
by ____________________,
broke away and set up the
__________________________
to secure more independence
from Nazi control.
Martin Niemöller
influence
politics
With Burning Concern
Reich Church
Hitler worried that the
_________________________
would oppose him because
Catholics were loyal to the
________________ and sent
their children to Catholic faith
schools.
In response to Hitler’s actions,
the Pope issued
‘________________________’
which criticised the Nazis.
Hitler's ultimate aim was to gain
complete control over the
churches in Germany. Although
the churches were initially
willing to accept Hitler as a
_____________________,
some people were willing to
stand up against Hitler’s
_____________________.
Pope
Concordat
government
Catholic Church
Confessional Church
In July 1933, Hitler agreed with
the Pope in a
_____________________ that
Catholics were free to worship
and run their own schools in
return for staying out of
______________.
The _________________was
set up in 1933. It supported the
Nazis and its members called
themselves
________________________.
Reich churches were well
attended.
In July 1933 Hitler signed an
agreement called the
Concordat with whom?
⃝ the Pope
⃝ The leaders of Protestant
Churches.
⃝ Reich Representation of
German Jews.
German Christians
banning
beliefs
political leader
concentration camps
10
 Women in Nazi Germany
The Nazis said women had a
vital role for Germany but a
different one from men – it was
defined by the three Ks:
1)______________________
2) Küche (children)
3) _______________________
Nazi Policies for women: The
__________________________
_____________________
medals given to women for
having children (bronze for 4-5
children, silver for 6-7 children
and gold for over 8).
How successful were Nazi
policies? : ______________
expected to stay at home and
not drink or smoke. They were
not expected to wear make-up
or ________________ or dye
their hair.
professional
increased
German Women’s
Enterprise
Kinder (children)
women
Nazi Policies for women: Many
__________________women
(doctors, lawyers and teachers)
lost their jobs was first choice of
jobs was given to ___________.
How successful were Nazi
policies?: The number of
married women in employment
_________ (1933-36) but then
_________ again when male
workers left for war.
How successful were Nazi
policies?: Women were
amongst the most passionate
supporters of Hitler, so his
policies must have had some
success. However, as the war
went on Hitler was forced to
invite women back into the
work force to cover the jobs of
men at war.
home
Kirche (church)
loan
Encouragement of
Marriage
economy
Nazi Policies for women: The
1933 Law for
__________________________
______________ lent couples
money when they married if
the wife left work. For each
child they had they were let off
paying back a quarter of the
___________.
How successful were Nazi
policies?: The number of
marriages and the birth rate
__________________ – but this
may have been due to the
improving _________________
rather than Nazi policies.
Women were not equal with
men in Nazi Germany. They
were expected to remain at
________ and raise
____________________. If they
did work, the better jobs were
closed to them.
men
children
fell
trousers
rose
11
 Employment and Living Standards–Nazi Germany
Hitler wanted to get people
working. The unemployed were
dangerous
____________________– if
they were poor and hungry
they might turn to other
political parties for help.
How did Hitler increase
employment? – Job creation
schemes – The Nazis reduced
unemployment by putting
money into large projects – for
example building the
______________or
_________________________.
Improved living conditions? NO
– _____________were sacked
and their jobs given to non-
Jews. _________________
were encouraged to give up
their jobs to men.
1938
politically
Jews
unemployment
sports facilities
How did Hitler increase
employment? – National
Labour Service –
___________________ for all
men aged 18-25 to serve for
________ months. The pay was
low and the hours were long.
Improved living conditions?
YES – In 1933 there were
________________________
unemployed – this went down
to 0.5 million ________.
Improved living conditions? NO
– Although wages rose, so did
_____________– became more
expensive to buy things.
cars
compulsory
Strength through Joy
military
women
How did Hitler increase
employment? – Rearmament–
The Nazis wanted rebuild
_________________ power.
The Nazis provided jobs by
building a stockpile of arms.
This helped to reduce
_______________________
and boosted the economy.
Improved living conditions?
YES – The KdF
(_______________________)
provided leisure activities and
the SdA
(_______________________)
improved working conditions.
Improved living conditions? NO
– Car ownership increased x3 in
the 1930s, only high earners
could afford _________. Low
earners had to spend money on
essentials.
autobahn
six
Beauty of Labour
prices
4.8 million
12
 Nazi Youth Organisations + Nazi Education
From the age of 10 boys and
girls were encouraged to join
the Nazis’ youth organisation,
the_________________.
Membership was made
compulsory in 1936 and by
1939 ____________ per cent of
German boys were members.
As well as influencing the
beliefs of young Germans
through the Hitler Youth,
schools _________________
young people into the political
and racial ideas of Nazism.
Girls were taught
________________ skills, in
order to prepare girls to be
good __________and mothers.
rifle practice
compulsory
German Maidens
fight
indoctrinated
Hitler Youth:Its aim was to
prepare German boys to be
future___________. Boys wore
military-style uniforms.
Activities centred on physical
exercise and
__________________, as well
as political indoctrination.
Children had to attend state
school until they were
________. There were separate
schools for girls and boys. The
___________________for girls
and boys was very different.
Boys were taught Science and
military skills, in order to turn
boys into strong soldiers who
would ___________ for
Germany.
wives
curriculum
14
Hitler Youth
anti-Semitism
The league of ______________:
Its aim was to prepare German
girls for future motherhood.
Activities mainly centred on
developing domestic skills such
as sewing
and_______________.
It was _________________ for
teachers to be Nazi Party
members. Teachers’ camps
taught them how to use Nazi
ideas in their teaching.
Traditional subjects were
rewritten to include Nazi
ideology. Biology lessons taught
about ______________. Race
study lessons looked at Aryan
ideas and _________________.
90
cooking
eugenics
domestic
soldiers
13
 Policies to reduce unemployment – Nazi Germany
Hitler knew that unemployed
people were dangerous
_______________ as they
might turn to other parties for
help.
Hitler began a huge programme
of public works, which included
building hospitals, schools, and
public buildings such as the
1936 _____________________.
The construction of the
autobahns created work for
________men.
* Jews being forced out of jobs
* Women who were
encouraged to give up their
jobs to___________.
conscripted
men
Olympic Stadium
unemployment
National Labour Service (RAD)
was set up by the Weimar
Government and continued by
the Nazis. It was
______________ for all men
aged 18-25 to serve 6 months
on this scheme and were then
______________into the army.
Another way the Nazis provided
jobs was through building up
their _________________ of
arms, even though the
__________________________
had put a limit on this. This
created millions of jobs for
German workers.
Economy
politically
Treaty of Versailles
The Nazis reduced
__________________by
putting money into large
projects. These benefitted the
________________ and also
reduced unemployment.
Official government figures
showed unemployment was
falling but they did not include:
* The _________________men
in the army at this time. There
were also a number of men
working on public works
schemes.
How much had the Nazis
reportedly reduced
unemployment down to by
1939?
⃝ about 300,000
⃝ 6.1 million
⃝ 50,000
1.4 million
80,000
stockpile
compulsory
14
 Racial beliefs and policies – Nazi Germany
Hitler wanted to increase the
number of ‘pure’ ___________
Germans who were blonde and
________________ and could
join the army or have children.
1935 – The
__________________
formalised anti-Semitism by
stripping Jews of German
________________ and
outlawing marriage between
Jews and Germans.
After 1933 many
____________were arrested
and sent to concentration
camps. Later they were banned
from travelling and told they
would be _________________.
Jews
deported
boycott
blue-eyed
Kristallnacht
The Nazis persecuted what they
called ‘_______________’ (sub-
humans) - this included the
Jews, homosexuals, gypsies and
the __________________.
1938 -___________________-
9 November. The SS organised
attacks on Jewish homes,
businesses and
___________________ in
retaliation for the assassination
of the German ambassador to
France by a Jew.
Homosexuals were sent to
_______________ or
concentration camps and
subjected to
_________________________.
gypsies
Untermenschen
prison
Nuremberg Laws
radio
1933 – Nazis organisaed a
____________ of Jewish
businesses. Race science
lessons were introduced,
teaching that ________ were
sub-human.
1939 – Jews were forbidden to
own a business or even a
____________. Jewish children
were forbidden to go to
___________.
Which racial group in Germany
was favoured as the ‘ideal’ by
the Nazis?
⃝ Jews
⃝ Aryans
⃝ Gypsies
citizenship
school
Aryan
synagogues
medical experiments
15
 Jewish Persecution – Nazi Germany
Reasons why Jews were
persecuted: People were
_______________ of their
success – many Jews were
professionals or
owned__________________.
Why did non-Jews allow the
persecution: The
____________________ of Nazi
___________________propaga
nda.
Types of persecution:
Economic – Jews were not
allowed to __________ land. In
1933, the SA organised a
boycott of Jewish and in 1937
Jewish businesses were taken
over by Aryans. Jews were
blamed for
______________________ and
were fined 1 billion marks.
inherit
influence
Gestapo
scapegoats
Kristallnacht
Reasons why Jews were
persecuted: They were used as
________________ for
Germany’s problems.
Why did non-Jews allow the
persecution: The fear of the
_____________________and
SS if they did speak out.
Types of persecution: Social –
Jews were banned from public
places such as parks and
swimming pools. They were
forced to add ‘_________’ or
‘___________’ to their names
to make them stand out.
synagogues
jealous
distrust
World War One
Sarah
Reasons why Jews were
persecuted: they were blamed
for Germany’s defeat in
__________________________
and the
_________________________.
Why did non-Jews allow the
persecution: there was a long-
standing _________________of
Jewish people – a common
belief across Europe.
Types of persecution: Open
violence – During Kristallnacht,
Jewish shops, homes,
businesses and
____________________ were
set on fire or vandalised, and
Jews were openly
__________________and
killed.
Treaty of Versailles
attacked
businesses
Israel
anti-Semitic
16
_______

17
_______

18
_______

19
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