GSM SYSTEM

GSM Mobile Comm. System

 ABBREVIATION
• GSM Global System for Mobile communications
• IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identification
• SIM Subscriber Identify Module
• MSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN
• ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
• PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
• PLMN Public Lands Mobile Network
• MNC Mobile Network Code
• MCC Mobile Country Code
 ABBREVIATION
• BSS Base Station System
• MSS (NSS) Mobile Switching System
• BTS Base Transceiver Station
• BSC Base Station Controller
• MSC/VLR Mobile Switching Centre /Visit Location Register
• HLR/AUC Home Location Register/ Authorization Centre
• EIR Equipment Identity Register
• SMSC Short Message Service Centre
• IN Intelligent Network
 GSM
• GSM system
• NSS
• BSS
• MS
• OMM
• Main interface
 FREQUENCY BAND FOR GSM
 GSM900 Primary Frequency Band (P-GSM)
– Up link: 890MHz~915MHz (MS Sending, BTS Receiving)
– Down link: 935MHz~960MHz (BTS Sending, MS Receiving)

 GSM Expansion Frequency Band (E-GSM)

– Up link: 880MHz~890MHz (MS Sending, BTS Receiving)
– Down link: 925MHz~935MHz (BTS Sending, MS Receiving)

 DCS1800 Frequency Band

– Up link: 1805MHz~1880MHz (MS Sending, BTS Receiving)
– Down link: 1710MHz~1785MHz (BTS Sending, MS Receiving)
 GSM ARFCN
(ABSOLUTE RADIO FREQUENCY CHANNEL NUMBER)
 GSM900 Primary Frequency Band (P-GSM)
– Up link: F1=890+0.2*N(MHz)(1≤N≤124)
– Down link: Fu=F1+45(MHz)

 GSM Expansion Frequency Band (E-GSM)

– Up link: F1=890+0.2*(N-1024)(MHz)
– Down link: Fu=F1+45(MHz) (975≤N≤1023)

 DCS1800 Frequency Band

– Up link: F1=1710.2+0.2*(N-512)(MHz)
– Down link: Fu=F1+95(MHz) (512≤N≤885)
 GSM SYSTEM DIAGRAM

BTS HLR/AUC EIR MSC2/VLR

MS No.7MAP

A
BSC MSC1/VLR
Um TCP/IP
PLMN
BTS Abis
MS PSTN
OMC SC/IN
 GSM SYSTEM STRUCTURE
•Operation and Maintenance Subsystem (OSS)
•Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)
•MSC
•VLR
•HLR operation
•AUC
•EIR
•Base Station Subsystem (BSS) OSS
•BSC GSM
•BTS NSS

S
BS
S
Other

M
•Mobile Station (MS) network subs
•SIM card
•Terminal
 NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM
Mobile Switching Center (MSC):
• Core part of the GSM
• It provide message exchanging, traffic switching and interface to other
network

Home Location Register (HLR):

• Static Data Storage
• Including MSISDN, User Type, Supplementary Service
• Dynamic Data Storage
• Terminal Roaming Information
• Access route
 NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM
Visitor Location Register (VLR):
• Data Storage
• All the subs’ information located in it’s area.
• VLR get the necessary data from HLR and permit the MSC to
establish a call.
• VLR Function
– Subs Data Search
– IMSI Attachment /Detach
– Location Register
– Authority
– MSRN Distribution
– Handover Code Distribution
– TMSI Distribution
 NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM
Authority Center (AUC):
• Generate 3-parameters Group (Rand, SRES, Kc)

Equipment Identify Register (EIR):

• IMEI
• White List, Gray List, Black List
 BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM
BSS mainly realize wireless transmitting, receiving and
wireless resource management.
• BSS connects the Network and the subscriber.
• BSS is divided into part: BSC and BTS.
• BTS is in charge of wireless transmission.
• BSC is in charge of wireless control and management.
• BSS is made of one BSC and one or more BTS. BTS can be
connected to the BSC directly or by BTS interface equipment
(named BIE) to the remote BSC.
• Also the BSS contains transcoder and sub-multiplexing.

Interface between BSC and BTS is Abis interface

 B
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TC Trans Coder
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BIE Base Station Interface Equipment
 BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION
• It is a wireless interface equipment and is controlled by BSC.
• It is responsible for wireless transmission, conversion
between wired and wireless signals, wireless diversity,
wireless channel encryption, FH, etc..
• BTS includes:
– Processing
– Transceiver and Antenna
– Signal Processing Circuit (forming frame and timeslot, and channel
coding and decoding and speed rate adapting)
• BTS main components:
– Baseband Unit: For voice and data speed adapting and channel
coding
– RF Unit: For modulating/demodulating and transmitter and receiver
coupling
– Common Control Unit: For BTS operation and maintenance
 BASE STATION CONTROLLER
Base Station Controller (BSC):
• It controls one or more BTSs and is located between MSC
and BTS
• It is the control and management part of BSS.
• It is responsible for wireless network management and
wireless BTS monitoring.
• It controls:
– Wireless link construction between MS and BTS
– Communication connection and disconnection
– MS location, handover and paging
 MS FUNCTION
The MS is the user equipment of GSM system. It can be car-
carrying station, portable station and handset. It includes
mobile terminal and the SIM card.

• Mobile Terminal: For voice coding, channel coding, information

encryption, modulating/demodulating, transmitting/receiving.
• SIM Card: A kind of intelligent card storing all information
about user identification authentication, to avoid illegal user to
enter the network.

The SIM card stores also the management data about the
network and user. Only after the SIM card is inserted in the MS,
can it be accepted by the network
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CENTER
(OMC ）
• OMC manage and supervise the whole GSM network.
• Through OMC we can realize monitor, state report, fault
diagnostic, etc to the boards the functional parts.
• OMC can be divided into OMC － S and OMC － R.
• OMC mainly:
– Network Operation and Maintenance
– Mobile Equipment Management
– Register Management and Billing
 MAIN INTERFACE IN GSM
MS MSC EIR PSTN
ISDN
Um E F PSDN

ABis A B
BTS BSC MSC VLR

Q C D G

M N
SMC SMC HLR VLR

M N

M
SME SME AUC
 MAIN FEATURES OF GSM
• High Frequency Efficiency: High performance modulation,
channel coding interleaving, equalization, and voice coding.
• High Capacity: C/I >9dB.
• High Voice Quality: Above the threshold value, the voice
quality always in the same level, independency to the wireless
transmission quality
• Open Interface: Open interface makes network entity
interconnection possible.