Digital Subscriber Line

Andana, Caños, Gaudiel, Jagorin, Lee, Navarro

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• formerly called a digital subscriber loop, is a
type of internet connection that uses the
voice frequency of telephone lines to send
and receive internet data and traffic.
• offers an efficient and cost-effective solution
for providing internet connectivity in areas
where laying new cables or fiber optics may
be impractical or expensive
Two Most Common Types of DSL
1. Asymmetric DSL (ADSL): ADSL is less
expensive and more prevalent because of
its quicker download speed as opposed to
upload speed.
2. Symmetric (SDSL): SDSL is preferred by
professionals who need to back up large
amounts of information to cloud storage
or virtual private network (VPN) users due
to its equivalent download and upload
speeds
How Does DSL
Work?
Top 7 Types of DSL
1. Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
2. High-bit-rate DSL or HDSL
3. Very high-bit-rate DSL or VDSL
4. Symmetric DSL
5. Single-pair, high-speed DSL or SHDSL
6. Very-high-bit-rate DSL 2
7. G.fast
• It is the most widely deployed DSL technology which
allows for faster downstream data transmission
compared to upstream transmission.
• Suitable for applications such as internet browsing,
video streaming, and downloading.

Specification Asymmetric
Data Rates: DSL or ADSL
• Upstream: 16 Kbps to 1 Mbps
• Downstream: 1 Mbps to 8 Mbps
Transmission: Asymmetric
Frequency Bands:
• POTS 0 Hz to 4 kHz
• Upstream Band 25 kHz to 138 kHz
138 kHz to 1.1 MHz or
• Downstream Band higher
• Standardized in 1994, HDSL used two sets of 24 AWG
copper cables to offer symmetric E1/T1 download
speeds at lengths of up to 3657 meters.
• HDSL2 and HDSL4 are its predecessors, with the latter
utilizing four types of wiring instead of two. High-bit-
Specification rate DSL or
Data Rates:
1.544 Mbps (T1) to
2.048 Mbps (E1)
HDSL
Transmission: Symmetric
Alternate Mark Inversion
Line Coding: (AMI) line coding
Loop Length 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles)
• An advanced DSL technology that provides higher data
rates compared to ADSL
• offers faster speeds making it suitable for bandwidth-
intensive applications like video conferencing and
online gaming Very high-
bit-rate
Specification DSL or VDSL
Data Rates:
• Upstream: 1.5 Mbps to 25 Mbps
• Downstream: 13 Mbps to 100 Mbps
Can support Asymmetric
Transmission: and Symmetric
Range: 500 feet (152.4 m)
• SDSL replaced HDSL as the single-wire variant of
symmetric DSL.
• It is also called HDSL2 in ANSI.
• It provides T1 speeds (1.54 Mbps) over distances
ranging through 10,000 feet and is, therefore, mainly
intended for corporate applications Symmetric
Specification DSL or SDSL
Data Rates: 128 Kbps to 2.048 Mbps
Transmission: Symmetric
Carrierless Amplitude
Phase (CAP) modulation
Line Coding: or
Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)
modulation
Loop Length: up to 5 kilometers
(3.1 miles)
• It transfers data much faster than prior DSL versions
 making it suitable for corporate LAN applications.
• provides high-speed data transmission over a single
copper pair
Single-pair,
Specification high-speed
Data Rates:
192 Kbps to 5.7 Mbps or
higher
DSL or SHDSL
Transmission: Symmetric
Trellis-Coded Pulse
Amplitude Modulation (TC-
Line Coding: PAM) or Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation
(QAM)
Frequency Bands: 1.1 MHz to 2.3 MHz
up to 5 kilometers
Loop Length: (3.1 miles)
• An enhanced version of VDSL that provides even higher
data rates and improved performance.
• It supports both ADSL and VDSL technologies on the
same line, making it backward compatible with older Very-high-
DSL standards. bit-rate
Specification DSL 2 or
Data Rates: VDSL2
• Upstream: 1.5 Mbps to 100 Mbps
• Downstream: 25 Mbps to 300 Mbps

Transmission: Asymmetric and

Symmetric
Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)
Modulation Schemes: Or Carrierless
Amplitude/Phase
Modulation (CAP)
Error Correction and Forward Error Correction
Coding (FEC) codes
• A DSL technology designed for ultra-high-speed
broadband access over short distances
• It utilizes higher frequencies and advanced noise
cancellation techniques to achieve data rates of several
hundred megabits per second (Mbps) up to gigabit
speeds.
Specification
G.fast
Data Rates: 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps
Symmetric and
Transmission: Asymmetric
Frequency Bands: Extend up to 106 MHz or
higher
Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)
Modulation Schemes: modulation and
Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation (QAM).
Importance of DSL
1. High-speed file downloads
2. The opportunity to have a dedicated line
3. Less dependence on additional cables
4. Cost-effectiveness
5. Greater reliability and transparency
6. Support for security measures
7. Better uptime assurance
 Thank you.
Reference: Everything
You Must Know About DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - Spiceworks