Shadia S.

Baloch
Senior Lecturer, FEST
Isra University, Hyderabad
 After traditional modems reached their peak data rate, telephone companies developed
another technology, DSL, to provide higher-speed access to the Internet. Digital subscriber line
(DSL) technology is one of the most promising for supporting high-speed digital communication
over the existing local loops.
• DSL is a family of technologies that provides digital data transmission over the wires of a local
telephone network.
• DSL service is delivered simultaneously with regular telephone on the same telephone line.
This is possible because DSL uses a higher frequency. These frequency bands are
subsequently separated by filtering.
• The data throughput of consumer DSL services typically ranges from 256 Kb/s to 24 Mbit/s in
the direction to the customer (downstream), depending on DSL technology, line conditions, and
service-level implementation.
 DSL stands for DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE.
 DSL is a broadband high-speed Internet technology that brings high bandwidth information to
home and offices over ordinary copper telephone lines.
 DSL utilizes the same cabling used for normal telephones, but it can offer higher data rates
through use of the digital modem technology.
KEY FEATURES OF DSL
 Distance- sensitive technology.
 Internet connection is always ON.
 Simultaneous use of the phone line for voice as well as data traffic.
 Internet Connection is highly reliable and secure.
 High Speed (Mbps) vis-à-vis a regular modem (56 Kbps max).

TYPES OF DSL
ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
VDSL(Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)
SDSL(Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line )
RADSL(Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line)
HDSL(High bit/data rate Digital Subscriber Line)
ISDN DSL(Integrated Service Digital Network)
All types of DSL Internet service can be categorized as either asymmetric or symmetric.

Asymmetric DSL:

Asymmetric types of DSL connections provide more network bandwidth for downloading (from the Internet
service provider down to the subscriber's computer) than for uploading in the other direction.
Asymmetric DSL technology is popular in residential DSL services as home Internet users predominately use
downstream bandwidth.
Typical asymmetric DSL services support 5 Mbps for downloads and 1 Mbps for uploads.
Common forms of asymmetric DSL include
• ADSL (and G.Lite)
• RADSL
• VDSL

Symmetric DSL

Symmetric types of DSL connections provide equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads. Symmetric
DSL technology is popular for business-class DSL services as companies often have greater needs for
transferring data. Typical symmetric DSL connections support 1.5 Mbps for downloads and uploads
• SDSL (and G.Lite)
• HSDL - developed in the early 1990s, making it one of the oldest forms of DSL. HDSL offered data rates up
to 2,048 Kbps but required multiple phone lines, making it eventually obsolete.
• SHDSL.
 Data rate
DSL Type Description Downstream Distance Limit Application
Upstream
Similar to the ISDN
ISDN Digital 18,000 feet on 24 BRI service but data
IDSL 128 Kbps
Subscriber Line gauge wire only (no voice on the
same line)
The standard ADSL;
From 1.544 Mbps to 6
"Splitterless" DSL sacrifices speed for
G.Lite (same as DSL Mbps , depending on 18,000 feet on 24
without the "truck not having to install a
Lite) the subscribed gauge wire
roll" splitter at the user's
service
home or business
T1/E1 service
1.544 Mbps duplex on
between server and
two twisted-pair lines;
High bit-rate Digital 12,000 feet on 24 phone company or
HDSL 2.048 Mbps duplex on
Subscriber Line gauge wire within a company;
three twisted-pair
WAN, LAN, server
lines
access
1.544 Mbps duplex
(U.S. and Canada);
Same as for HDSL but
2.048 Mbps (Europe) 12,000 feet on 24
SDSL Symmetric DSL requiring only one line
on a single duplex line gauge wire
of twisted-pair
downstream and
upstream
 Data rate
DSL Type Description Downstream Distance Limit Application
Upstream
1.544 Mbps at 18,000
feet;
Used for Internet and
2.048 Mbps at 16,000
1 to 6 Mbps Web access, motion
Asymmetric Digital feet;
ADSL downstream; video, video on
Subscriber Line 6.312 Mpbs at 12,000
1 Mbps upstream demand, remote LAN
feet;
access
8.448 Mbps at 9,000
feet
Adapted to the line,
640 Kbps to 2.2 Mbps
Rate-Adaptive DSL
RADSL downstream; 272 Kbps Not provided Similar to ADSL
from Westell
to 1.088 Mbps
upstream
Unidirectional DSL
UDSL proposed by a Not known Not known Similar to HDSL
company in Europe
4,500 feet at 12.96
12.9 to 52.8 Mbps
Mbps; ATM networks;
Very high Digital downstream;
VDSL 3,000 feet at 25.82 Fiber to the
Subscriber Line 1.5 to 2.3 Mbps
Mbps; 1,000 feet at Neighborhood
upstream
51.84 Mbps
 .DSL service is always ON and we can still use the phone for voice calls.
 .Broadband speed is much faster than dial up service.
 Fixed monthly billing , regardless of time usage.
 .Digital data is directly transmitted to computer as digital data which uses much wider bandwidth
for transmitting.

 .As you move away from the central office ,the connection becomes slower.
 .This results is distortion of signal.
 DSL has one significant downside.
 Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), umbrella term for xDSL where the bitrate is greater in one
direction than the other.
 DSL technologies (sometimes summarized as xDSL).
 Symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL), umbrella term for xDSL where the bitrate is equal in both
directions.
 Upstream and downstream rates of all xDSL (see in the table)
 DSL stands for digital subscriber line.
 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL), High-
bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) and Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) is referred to as
xDSL.
 ADSL is an asymmetric communication technology designed for residential users; it is not suitable for
businesses.
 ADSL is not suitable for business.
 Currently, most ADSL communication is full duplex.
 The maximum theoretical downstream data rate of an ADSL system is 6 Mbps.
 The ADSL modem at the customer premises, that is called ATU-R.
 The modem of the central office that is called an ATU-C.
 How many splitters do we use in the ADSL architecture and where? Two. One in the central office and
the other in the subscriber premises.
 DSL Type Description Data rate Downstream Upstream

IDSL

G.Lite (same
as DSL Lite)

HDSL

SDSL

ADSL

RADSL

UDSL

VDSL