CONNECTI

VE TISSUE
GROUP 3
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 Hello! I’m
RODEL JOHN ORDEJAN
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 TISSUE
IS A GROUP OF CELL THAT HAVE SIMILAR STRUCTURE AND THAT FUNCTION TOGETHER
AS UNIT

WHY OUR BODY NEEDS TISSUE

IT SUPPORT OUR ORGANS, STORE FATS, TANSPORT SUBSTANCES, PROTECT US
AGAINST DISEASE AND HELP REPAIR TISSUE DAMAGE.
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 Connective Tissue
Tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other

01
tissues and organs in the body.

Are highly cellular, abundance of extracellular material and

relative paucity of cells

Note: ALL Connective tissue in the body are derived from

mesoderm, except for some in the head that are derived from
ectoderm
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SUPPORT TISSUE AND ORGANS

 HOW CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUPPORT
TISSUE AND ORGANS?
Bind structures together, form a framework and support for organs
and the body as a whole, store fat, transport substances, protect
against disease, and help repair tissue damage. They occur throughout
the body. Connective tissues are characterized by an abundance of
intercellular matrix with relatively few cells. Connective tissue cells
are able to reproduce but not as rapidly as epithelial cells.
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 CONNECTIVE TISSUE 2
MAJOR GROUPS
1. Connective tissue proper
2. Special type of connective tissue
1. Cartilage
2. Bone
3. Blood
4. Hemopoietic ( myeloid and lymphoid )
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 Connective tissue proper
is found all over the body and it can be regarded, as its name
suggests, as primarily the "glue" that binds body parts together
while allowing for some degree of movement of these parts in
relation to their immediate anatomical neighbors.

it envelops muscles; forms the stroma or supporting

framework of various organs; acts as an avenue for the
passage of blood vessels and nerves into and from the
interior of organs and other parts of the body
serves as a venue for the exchange of gases and substances
between blood and the other basic tissues

provides the arena and as well as the cells that are needed to
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defend the body against invading organism body against

invading organisms and other harmful substances. we
 Composition of Connective Tissue Proper
Connective tissue, like epithelium and other basic tissues, is composed of cells and
extracellular substance or matrix, But in connective tissue unlike in epithelium, the cells are
not bound to each other. Instead, they are scattered individually in the extracellular
substance. Furthermore, in connective tissue, blood vessels and nerve fibbers abound in the
extracellular substance.
Extracellular Substance of Connective Tissue
(connective tissue matrix)
Connective tissue matrix - consists of ground substance and avariety of fibers that
are embedded therein.
NETWORK OF PROTIEN AND MOLECULE THAT SORROUND AND SUPPORT AND GIVE
STRUCTURE TO CELLS AND TISSUES
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 Ground Substance
The ground substance of connective tissue is an amorphous, homogenous, transparent,
and hydrated gel.

It consists mainly of water that is stabilized by proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid

(hyaluronan), mineral salts, and glycoproteins

Proteoglycans
* are the main structural constituents and are responsible for the gelatinous character of
ground substance of connective tissue.
* They are macromolecules that consist of a "core protein" to which disaccharides-in the
form of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)-are attached covalently in a radiating pattern.
* The common GAGs that attach to "core proteins" to form proteoglycan molecules include
keratan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin6-sulfate, and dermatan sulfate.
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 proteoglycan molecules in the ground substance of connective tissue form bigger
molecules called
proteoglycan aggregates" or "proteoglycan
"
complexes
How it form?
getting attached to hyaluronic acid by "link proteins.“

Hyaluronic acid is a GAG in itself. is the most abundant GAG in the ground
substance of connective tissue.
* does not possess a sulfate side-group. Neither does it covalently attach to a "core-
protein." * it serves as the backbone to which proteoglycan molecules are attached by "link-
proteins" to form proteoglycan complexes.
* they are rather fine such that they are not visible under the light microscope and are thus,
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not classified as connective tissue fibers.

 fibrillin
* The biggest of the two fibrillar glycoproteins

* Made up of an electron lucent core surrounded by an electron dense area

* a non-sulfated molecule that has a diameter of 10 to 12 nm.

• forms an integral part of elastic fibbers .The smaller of the two fibrillar glycoproteins
is merely 3 to 5 nm in diameter and not much is known about its structure and
function.
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 Other
noteworthy
glycoproteins
in the ground
substance are:
1. Fibronectin

2. Laminin

3. thrombospondin
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 Extracellular Fibers
are primarily responsible for the supportive function of connective
tissues.

Have 3 types
1. collagen

2. elastic
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3. reticular.
 Collagen Fibers (Collagenous Fibers)
Collagen fibers are present in all connective tissues, although
in differing amounts.

Collagen fibers have a tensile strength that is greater than

steel. They are slightly flexible but inelastic.

collagenous connective tissue (ordinary

connective tissue), the most commonly occurring type of
connective tissue in the body, are the main extracellular
fibers.
Collagen fibers are distinguishable in routine histologic
preparations because they are 2 to 10 umin diameter.
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usually collect into bundles that appear pink in H&E

preparations because they are acidophilic
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 Collagen
-the most abundant protein in the body.

-account for about 25 percent of the body dry weight

-refers to a family of structural proteins that have some commonalities in their

molecular organization.

-There are 28 distinct types of collagen numbered I TO XXVIII.

NOTE :
• Collagen type I, II, and III make up practically
all the collagen in connective tissue.
• Collagen fibers in particular are made up of
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collagen type 1
 FORMATION OF COLLAGEN FIBERS
Procolagen
• molecular precursor of a collagen fiber
• consists of a polypeptide chain that is longer than those in mature collagen.

Note: Fibroblasts and mesenchymal are often said to synthesize collagen; actually, they are the
precursors of collagen that they synthesize.

Chondroblasts and Osteoblasts

* The one who synthesize Procolagen

In extracellular matrix, the procollagen molecules are right-sized by

enzymatic removal of the extra amino acids while at the same time, three
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procollagen molecules (each of which is called an a-chain) assemble

spontaneously.
TROPOCOLLAGEN
• Is formed by twisting of extracellular matrix around each other

MICROFIBRILS
• Formed when tropocollagen aggregate
• Fibrillar element that are about 45 to 100 nm in diameter
each.
FIBRILS( MACROFIBRILS)
• Bigger fibrillar structure
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• grouping of microfibrils
 ELASTIC
●
●
FIBERS
Are fine fibers that average 1.0 um in diameter
Usually do not ramify, elastic fibers branch and anastomose

• In H & R preparation they remained unstained and appears as refractile ,

pinkish –yellow line
• When stained with orcein elastic fibers appear blue or black

ELASTIN
● A highly insoluble protein that is responsible for elasticity of elastic fibers.
● Has only one genetic type unlike collagen that has many.
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 Elastin in body occur in two ways:

>in the form of fibers called elastic fibers

>in the form of elastic sheets or lamellae

Elastic fibers are not widely distributed as collagen fibers. In most

connective tissues, they are also not as numerous as collagen fibers,
but they are particularly abundant in structure that are subjected to
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frequent stretching such as Ligamenta flava

 Elastic cartilage
● Forms the framework of the auricle and external acoustic meatus of the ear, external nose,
auditory tube, epiglottis and some part of the larynx

Cells that have the capacity to secrete the substance

that are needed in the information of elastic fibers
are :
1. Fibroblasts
2. Mesenchymal cell
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