Head wound care

Bachelor of nursing (A)

 GROUP HEAD

Abdul Hikam Hasan nim 2022.02.001 Asmaul Khusna I. nim 2022.02.006

Diajeng Intan P. nim 2022.02.009 Fillah Nur Rohman nim 2022.02.013
Leni Anggraini nim 2022.02.020 Muhimatus Safa’ah nim 2022.02.024
Shela Anggraini nim 2022.02.039 Wardatul Muklishoh nim 2022.02.045

Bachelor of nursing (A)

Head injury ?
Is any trauma to the scalp, skull,
or brain.

Head injury can be either closed

or open (penetrating).

Detail information, you can play the audio

Head injuries
include :
1. Concussion
In which the brain is shaken, is the most
common type of traumatic brain injury. Head injuries may
2. Scalp wounds
3. Skull fractures cause bleeding :
1. In the brain tissue
2. In the layers that surround the brain
(Subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural
hematoma, epidural hematoma)
Common causes of head
injury include :
1) Accidents at home, work, outdoors, or
while playing sports
2) Falls
3) Physical assault
4) Traffic accidents
Treating minor head injuries in
children
1. Care for a minor scalp wound
1) Wash the area with mild soap and water.
2) To stop bleeding, use a sterile cloth and apply pressure for
10 minutes.
3) Ice the area for 20 minutes using ice wrapped in a towel or
cloth. Ice the area again after an hour to reduce swelling
and pain.

2. Watch the child

1) Keep an eye on your child for 2 hours. Pay attention
to how they walk and talk.
2) Look for changes from their normal behavior. Watch
for any signs listed above that indicate you should call
the doctor.
3) Give the child only clear liquids.
3. Treat symptoms
1) If your child is acting normally after 2 hours,
give children’s-formula acetaminophen (Tylenol)
to relieve pain, if needed
2) Do not give them aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil,
Motrin) because they could lead to bleeding
3) Continue to watch your child for signs of a more
serious injury for 24 hours. It’s ok to let your
child go to sleep, but you may want to check on
them every few hours to make sure they are
breathing normally.
4) After 24 hours, follow up with your pediatrician
for help in evaluating your child’s condition and
to get answers to questions such as when it will
be ok for your child to return to play or other
activities.
 Treatment
Treatment is based on the severity of the injury
 Mild Injury
Mild traumatic brain injuries usually require no treatment
other than rest and over-the-counter pain relievers to treat a
headache. However, a person with a mild traumatic brain
injury usually needs to be monitored closely at home for any
persistent, worsening or new symptoms. He or she may also
have follow-up doctor appointments.
The doctor will indicate when a return to work, school or
recreational activities is appropriate. Relative rest — which
means limiting physical or thinking (cognitive) activities that
make things worse — is usually recommended for the first few
days or until your doctor advises that it's OK to resume regular
activities. It isn't recommended that you rest completely from
mental and physical activity. Most people return to normal
routines gradually.
Immediate emergency care
Emergency care for moderate to severe traumatic brain
injuries focuses on making sure the person has enough
oxygen and an adequate blood supply, maintaining blood
pressure, and preventing any further injury to the head or
neck.
People with severe injuries may also have other
injuries that need to be addressed. Additional treatments
in the emergency room or intensive care unit of a hospital
will focus on minimizing secondary damage due to
inflammation, bleeding or reduced oxygen supply to the
brain.
 Medication
Medications to limit secondary damage to the brain
immediately after an injury may include:

1) Anti-seizure drugs
2) Coma-Inducing drugs
3) Diuretics

Detail information, you can play the audio

Surgery
Emergency surgery may be needed 1) Removing clotted blood (hematomas).

to minimize additional damage to 2) Repairing skull fractures

brain tissues. Surgery may be used 3) Bleeding in the brain
to address the following problems : 4) Opening a window in the skull

Detail information, you can play the audio

 Rehabilitation
Most people who have had a significant brain injury will require rehabilitation. They may need to relearn basic skills,
such as walking or talking. The goal is to improve their abilities to perform daily activities.Therapy usually begins in the
hospital and continues at an inpatient rehabilitation unit, a residential treatment facility or through outpatient services. The
type and duration of rehabilitation is different for everyone, depending on the severity of the brain injury and what part of
the brain was injured.
Rehabilitation specialists may include :

1) Physiatrist
2) Occupational therapist
3) Physical therapist
4) Speech and language therapist
5) Neuropsychologist
6) Social worker or case manager
7) Rehabilitation nurse
8) Traumatic brain injury nurse specialist
9) Recreational therapist
10) Vocational counselor Detail information, you can play the audio
Thank you
Do you have any question?