Managing Emergencies

Bureau of Workers’ Compensation

PA Training for Health & Safety

Well-designed plans (PATHS)

before an event will

aid in system and
operational restoration
more quickly

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 Main Topics
Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)

• Emergency Management
• Plan Contents
• Command & Control
• Event Classifications Action Plans
• Mapping
• Protective Actions

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 Main Topics
Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)

o Special Considerations Response

o Special Support

o Borrowing from History

o Unique Concerns

o Recovery

o Mitigation/Prevention

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 Generic Emergencies

Most of us are used to emergencies; we’ve all

suffered:

 Car trouble
 Electrical outage
 Plumbing problems
 General repairs
 Other types which are always inconvenient!

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Types of Emergencies

The “Big Ones”

fall into 2 categories:

Natural
or
Man-Made

PS: Even the small

incidents can disrupt like
large ones!!

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 Emergency Management

The scope of emergency management in today’s

world requires:

 Considering possible events

 Planning for situations of high probability as
well as unique events
 Providing for resources to meet the event
 Recovering and restoring to normal

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 Facility Model

The emergency response cycle

for a facility can include:

Preparation

Warning

Relocation

Mobilization

Monitoring Services

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 Facility Model

 Control/Stabilization

 Close-out/Termination

 Return to Normal Operations

 Damage Assessment & Recovery

 Plan Review & Modification

Let’s simplify this…..

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Emergency Management

Cyclic in Nature

 Preparedness

 Response

 Recovery

 Mitigation &
Prevention

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Emergency Management Methods

 IEMS (Integrated Emergency Management

System)

 ICS (Incident Command System)

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Plan

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 Aids to Planning

Job assignment and Guidance Manuals

identification

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 Plan Contents

 Facility Overview
Plan
 Hazards and Hazard Control

 Safety Systems In-place

 Emergency Response Organization

 Levels of Magnitude for Events

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 Plan Contents

 Communication

 Contacts

 Procedures/Action Plans Action

Plans

 Checklists

 Plan Administration

 Staff Training

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Evaluate Emergency Possibilities

Analyze your area(s) of

responsibility

Ask questions regarding:

What could happen and what

would be the results?
How do we meet the needs?

Could your facility exist

absent the infrastructure which
has been damaged?

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 Hazards by Area

o Determine Hazards for which procedures should

be created
o Internal events or external hazards which may
intrude
o Determine the main agency concerned with
response:

→ Fire Brigade Or maybe the

“A” Team!
→ Spill Team
→ First Aid Team
→ Security

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 Emergencies by Agency

Fire Response

 Structures
 Storage
 Processes
 Manufacturing
 Transport (off-loading
materials)
 Labs
 Parking lots
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 HazMat Response

 Chemical storage  Labs

 Processes  Hazardous waste

locations
 Shipping/Receiving  Manufacturing
 Transportation  Environmental events

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 Security

 Disgruntled employees
 Bomb threats
 Full power outage
 Control of mass media
 Access control for
off-site responders
 Demonstrations
 Securing vacated buildings
 Active Shooter events
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Develop Command and Control

 Duty Assignments

 Job descriptions

 When do they report?

 Where do they go?

 To whom do they report?

 Who reports to them?

 Radio channels

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Emergency Titles and Duties

 Incident Commander
o Safety
o Liaison
o Public Information
(PIO)
 Operations

 Planning/Intelligence

 Logistics

 Finance/Administration

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Facility Emergency Team

A facility’s team may also include the following:

Sr. Rep of Operations

Sr. Manager

Human resources

Public relations

Environmental

Engineering

Legal
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Expanding the ICS

 As the incident magnitude

increases, so will the
number and types of
agencies involved

 Provide for such

expansion

 Also provide to rotate out

tired staff for fresh crews

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 Locate a Facility EOC

Equip with:
Telephones
Radios
Tables/chairs
White boards
Lighting
Backup generator
Locate agencies with
similar missions in
close proximity

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 Event Classifications

 Unusual Event
 Alert
 Site Emergency
 General Emergency

Note: You may also reduce

the number of levels to
three (3), i.e.
 Level I
 Level II
 Level III

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 Event Classification

Base the event classification on:

 Severity of event to people

 Severity to facility; physically or operationally

 Potential of condition to spread

 Effort required to control event

 Effect event has on the surrounding community

 Number and type of additional agencies affected

by the event

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 Unusual Event

An event has occurred on the facility but does not

affect:

 Personnel safety

 Public safety

 The operation of the facility

On-site emergency responders only

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 Alert

An event has occurred on the facility minimally

affecting:

 Personnel safety

 Public safety

 The operation of the facility

On-site emergency responders with possibility of

off-site responders

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 Site Emergency

An event has occurred on the facility greatly

affecting:

 Personnel safety

 Off-site public

 The operation of the facility

• On-site emergency responders along with

off-site emergency responders

• Event may be of longer duration

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 General Emergency

An event has occurred on the facility posing an

imminent threat to:

 Site Personnel

 Off-site Public safety

 The operation of the facility

• On-site emergency responders along with

off-site emergency responders

• Event will require extreme actions to stabilize

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Communications

Complex events require more

complex communications than
just dialing 911

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Communications

 Provide direct lines

 Alternate means

 “Rumor Hotlines”

 Each person’s problem

is the most important
during an emergency
 Create filters and
distribution methods

 Log all messages

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Alternate Communications

 CB clubs
 Radio clubs
 Former military staff
 Emergency service
members
 Emergency
Broadcast System
contacts
 Assign a
Communications
Coordinator and
alternate
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Contact Lists

 During an emergency: no
time to try & find phone
numbers or identify
responsible persons

 Establish these lists

during planning

 Update lists when

persons vacate their
assignment

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 Action Plans

 Assign an AP Number
 Assign an initial event magnitude
 Criteria for implementing
 Checklist, by action agency, of those tasks to
be implemented

 Initial call-outs
 Procedures to be reviewed
 Technical information reviewed
 Support procedures

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Action Plan Index: Examples

Event Level
300 Explosions
301 Structures Alert
302 Bulk Product:
Liquid or Gas Site Emergency
400 Transportation Accidents
406 Aircraft Accident General Emergency

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Basic Emergency Action Plans

Address need for immediate action to protect

employees due to the occurrence of life-
threatening or endangering exposure

Examples:

 Building & Site Evacuation

 Hazardous Materials Spill
 Urgent Employee Medical Treatment

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 Checklists

Design checklists to cut down

on written instructions

It is easier to view a graphic

than decipher long paragraphs
of instructions

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 Continuing Operations

 Backup operating records/documents

 Locate secondary/tertiary records to restart

operations
 Does your facility have another location to
continue operations?
 Is there rental property you can obtain?

 How do you minimize your down time?

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 Command and Control

 Conduct briefings with

agency leaders
 Conduct combined (all
agency) briefings
 Brief each on event
developments and
determine each
agency’s required
actions

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Mapping

Develop mapping strategies:

Populated areas
Evacuation routes/alternates
Congregate Care Centers
Road link capabilities

Determine security measures

for:
Populations
Infrastructure locations

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 Mapping

Facility Target hazards:

- Life
- Property:
 High value materials
 Safety related equipment
 Bulk/hazardous storage
- Important to plant operations
 Fire pumps
 Emergency generators
- Utilities

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 Mapping

Individual buildings

 Life hazards/evacuation routes

 Assembly points for emergency teams

 Access points for off-site agencies

 Shutdown logics for equipment/processes

 Emergency equipment locations

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Mapping

• Use Topographic maps

to determine
potentially threatened
areas
• Also to determine areas
subject to flooding
• Plot downwind drift for
released gases or
vapors

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 Information Logs

Create Wall Boards to

Log Information:

Situation status
Resource status

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 Disruptions

 How would this affect

access to your facility?

 What’s required to over-

ride the problem?

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Protective Actions: Evacuation

 To where?

 By what routes? Alternates?

 How do they get there?

 Who sets-up the CCC

(congregate care center)?
 Who provides services?

 Will they take pets??

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Protective Actions: Sheltering

 American Red Cross is

structured to set-up these
shelters
 Staff trained to the needs
of the population received
 You might also implement
a combination of
evacuating and sheltering

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Impacting Off-Site Locations

A release at your facility may

directly impact off-site
communities

This impact may directly

affect you if your
neighborhood’s involved

Consider the needs the

following events may trigger:

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Special Considerations

Transportation Coordinator
- Provides transport for
various groups

Sheltering Coordinator
- Sets-up lodging and
registration for moved
groups
- Establishes services

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Where Does a School Go?

School concerns:
•Evacuate or Shelter In-Place?
o Some schools own their
buses; drivers work for
school
o Accessibility to transport is
provided
•Schools “evacuate” their
students each day at a given time
•Time of occurrence will
determine their destination

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 Student Transport

Special security & safety

issues

Concerned parents may

create traffic problems
during an evacuation by
going to the school

Buses can also be used

for other evacuating
population groups

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Elderly/Infirm

Special requirements:

•Transport

•Medical Needs

•Contacting family

•The patience to explain

the situation

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Toddlers and Infants

Some facilities have Day Care

This presents its own special

concerns for evacuation or
sheltering:

Feeding
Clothing
Medication
Attention spans

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Special Friends

 Some shelters do not

take pets
 Determine what
arrangements have
been made for
receiving pets
 Some owners are
adamant: “If you
won’t take my pet, I
won’t go!”

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Special Needs

Remember, pets are

people, too

Some of your employees

may also have assist dogs

What food and water

provisions are required?

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Rescue

 Group rescue for pets

 Evaluate the resources
required for this rescue
 List them
 Could your agency
provide them in a
timely fashion
 How do the demands
change if this was a
water-borne rescue of
people?

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Livestock

Animal rescue training

available (e.g., Penn
State Agricultural
Extension)

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Community Volunteers

Consider:

o Varying talents

o Availability

o Training needs

o Equipment needs

o Transport needs

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Community Emergency Response Team

Guidance Exists for

Training

Assigning

Equipping

Communicating

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Existing Agencies

Include:

 Fire Service
 EMS Service
 Police Service
 HazMat Teams

Magnitude of your event

may stress these
agencies

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 Train Your Staff

 On their duties  Authority assigned

 Policies  Emergency actions
 Reporting methods allowed
 Conduct multi-agency
 Communications drills to perfect response
 Documentation capabilities
 Critique drills and modify
plans

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Kits

Specialty response kits

can be constructed for
individuals as well as
action teams

When the emergency

begins is not the time to
determine and gather the
needed supplies

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 Response

 Consider the various emergency types and

magnitudes
 Match resources which may be required for
each type
 Allow for rotation of responders and the need
for additional resources
 Also consider:
“What if we have an emergency and nobody
shows up to help?”

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 Fire Emergencies

 Processes,
 Single buildings,
 Industrial complexes,
 Unique facilities

o Evacuation
o In-place sheltering
o Combination

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 Industrial Losses

 Will it rebuild?

 Can it rebuild?

 If it rebuilds, what’s its

life expectancy?
 Is it a major employer
for the area?
 Long-term effects

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Handle Alone or Mutual Aid

 What fixed systems

exist?
 What systems will be
stressed?
 Your Fire Brigade?

 With off-site help?

 Access available?

 Support
requirements?

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 Medical Emergencies

 What unique
requirements?
 Will the numbers
involved stress the
support services?
 Will they inundate the
medical facilities and
staff?

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Incident Command System: EMS

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 Special Support

 Can you obtain?

 Will other agencies

need to support?

 What if the special

units suffer an
incident?

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 Water Emergencies

If you’re near water, you’ll need:

 Rescue means
 Personal protection (PFDs)
 Alerting means
 Transport means
 Medical treatment
 Relocation center

If you’re near water, you’ll

need “water stuff”

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 Tornado: The Watch

Review plans while

anticipating a weather
event

Determine methods to
“secure” the facility
against impact

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 External Impact

What preparations must

be performed to protect
your facility?

Do the resources exist to

achieve this protection?

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 The Warning

• Xenia, Ohio in the mid-

1970’s

• The Impact Results

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 Disruption

• What are some

needs to restore?

• Is this a short-term
or long-term
event?

• Can alternate
means be
implemented while
control is being
achieved?

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Save or Relocate

 What event level?

 Long-term?

 Effects on persons
and the
economy?
 Recovery? How
long?

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 Infrastructure

 What’s Plan B?

 Plan C?

 If you have an
active plant, how
can you maintain
operation?

 What’s Plan Z?

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Infrastructure

Consider the Katrina

flooding:
 Roads gone!
 Businesses gone!
 Worker force gone!

What external impacts

do you need to guard
against?

Will you be able to?

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 Borrowing from History

 What emergency
response needs were
discovered due to this
event?

 Can your plant “buy”

into procedures
developed by this
agency?

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Downed Aircraft Incidents

“This can never happen

here.”

Beware of emphatic
statements like this

Somebody also said the

Titanic couldn’t sink!

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 Possibilities

Aircraft flight paths over

the United States

The volume of flights

indicates the possibility
of a downed aircraft
incident just about
anywhere

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 Escalating Events

Could this . . . Become this?

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Unique Concerns

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Anti-Terrorism Planning

 Is your industry or
locale a potential
target?

 What unique
planning is required
to preclude or
minimize such a
threat?

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 Lessons Learned

Murrah Building
World Trade Center
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 Mass Casualty Events

These can result from:

oTerroristic events

oProcess releases

oTransportation
accidents
oStorage failures

oAgricultural incidents

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 Who Responds?

• Dictated by the event

• Numbers impacted

• Nature of impacting
material

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Recovery

• Sorting it all out

• Prioritize what must be

restored first
• Determine the resources
required for restoration

• Schedule & implement

• Monitor progress

• Keep public advised

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Mitigation/Prevention

 Make the most of

lessons learned
 Critique response for
fact-finding NOT
fault-finding
 Determine plan
changes
 Train staff on changes

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Continue to Train

Train on:

•Probable events

•Possible events

•Unique and severe

events

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Questions

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 Contact Information

To contact a Health & Safety

Training Specialist:

Bureau of Workers’ Compensation

1171 South Cameron Street Room 324
Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501
717-772-1635
RA-LI-BWC-Safety@pa.gov

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