GRAMMATICAL

RELATION
GROUP :
1. M A UL I N A
2. R E T N O
3. S H I N TA D EW I ( A 73 21 6 1 3 0 )

C LA S S : 4 B
 SUBJECT

“ The tiger hunt prey at night ”

Active : In the active construction, it is never marked by
any preposition. (there is no preposition anymore, for the
subject)

“ Prey is hunted by the tigers at night ”

Passive : While passive, the subject of “the tigers”
change into “by the tigers”
Occuring of the “by” phrase in the passive are
grammatical and “prey is hunted by the tigers at night”
is called grammatical subject of the clause.
 OBJECT

DIRECT OBJECT Will follow a transitive verb

(a type of action verb)

Can be nouns, pronouns, phrases or The Formula :

clauses
If you can identify “the subject” and S + V + what? Or
“the verb”, then finding direct object –
if one exists- is easy who? = DO

(Noun) : Dina ate meatball

(Phrase) : Sylina hates biting her fingernails

EXAMPLE.
(Clause ) : Even worse, Sylina hates when mom
lectures her about hand care

(Pronoun) : He kisses me
 INDIRECT OBJECT

Indirect objects are nouns or pronouns that

identify to whom or for whom the action of the
verb is performed, as well as who is receiving the
direct object.
For example :
 Direct object : I love bagas
Indirect : I love someone who sitting and playing
guitar over there
 OBLIQUE OBJECT

The term oblique object (also object of a preposition)

refers to a noun or noun phrase which follows a
preposition.
There is a cat on the roof.
What is on at the cinema this week?
I like walking in the rain.
GRAMMATICAL RELATION VS SEMANTIC
ROLE

Grammatical relation is rational grammar identifies

one more level of semantic roles that are relevant from a
linguistic point of view. Grammatical relation consist of
subject and direct object.
Semantic role depend on the meaning of the verb they
relate to. (agent, patient, theme, recipient, goal, source,
and benefactive). From here, we can notice that goal,
location, repicient and source argument function with
theme due to the fact that theme is argument indicate a
location, a possession, or a change of possession.
 EXAMPLE

Tania watch the television

~ in grammatical relation, the sentence above “Tania” is
subject and the “television” is the object
~ in semantic role “Tania” is agent and the “television” is
location.
 GENITIVE

Is the grammatical case that marks a word,

usually noun, as modifying another word, also
usually a noun. Genitive construction includes
the genitive case, but is a broader category.
Placing a modifying noun in the genitive case
is one way of indicating that it is related to a
head noun, in a genitive construction.
Possessive grammatical construction, including
the possessive case, maybe regarded as a subject
of genitive construction. Example, the genitive
construction “pack of dogs” is similar, but not
identical in meaning to the possessive case “dog’s
pack”, and neither of these is entirely
interchangeable with “dog pack”, which is neither
genitive or possessive.
There are two genitive in English, of and ‘s.
That is something that hold between two
elements. Example:
1. Luna’s dog ( it’s means the dog is belongs to
Luna)
2. A picture of Tom ( it’s mean that in the picture
it is Tom)