ACROPOLIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

RESEARCH, INDORE (M.P.)

BT-101 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
TOPIC :- EFFCTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE
BRANCH :- CSIT-1

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

Dr. SHIVRAJ S. CHAWDA GARV BHATT
(HoD Chemistry) DIVYADITYA SINGH SOLANKI
DIVYANSH GOSWAMI
DIVYANSH SHRIVASTAVA
DURGESH GOYAL
CONTENT :
 EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE
 NUCLEAR CHARGE
 SHIELDING EFFECT
 SLATTER LAW
 RULES OF SLATTER LAW
 NUMERICALS
 EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE
 The effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge
experienced by an electron in a polyelectronic atom.

 The term “effective” is used because of the shielding

effect of negatively charged electrons prevent higher
orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge
of nucleus due to the repealing effect of inner layer .
 EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE (Z*)

We can approximate the energy of the electron by modifying the

Bohr equation to account for the lower effective nuclear charge

z*= z - Σ
Where,
Z*= the effective nuclear charge
z = the atomic number
Σ= The shielding or screening constant
NUCLEAR CHARGE:
The nuclear charge is the total charge
in the nucleus for all the protons it has
the same value as the numbers Of
atoms going through the periodic table
the nuclear charge increase
 SHIELDING EFFECT
In a multi electrons atom, the valence shell’s electrons are attracted to
the nucleus, and these electrons are repelled by the electrons present in
the inner shell on account of these, the actual force of attraction
between the nucleus and the valence electrons is somewhat decreased
by the repulsive force acting in opposite direction
This decrease in the force of attraction exerted by the nucleus on the
valence electrons due to the presence of electrons in the inner shell is
called shielding effect
 SLATER’S LAW :
• It provides numerical values for the effective nuclear
charge in a many electron atom each electron is said
to experience less than the actual nuclear charge
because of shielding by the other electrons.
• The general principle behind slater’s law is that the
actual charge felt by an electron is equal to why you
have expect the charge to be from a certain numbers
Of charge from other electrons.
RULES FOR SLATER’S LAW :
Slater’s law for the prediction of shielding constant(Σ) For an electron :
1) Group electronic configuration as follows :
(1s)(2s,2p)(3s,3p)(4s,4p)(4d)(4f)(5s,5p)
2) Electrons to the right of an electron do not shield it.
3) For NA or NP valence electrons :
• each electron in the same group contributes 0.35
• each electron in an n-1 group contributes 0.85
• each electron in an n-2 group or lower group
contributes 1.00
4) For ND and NF valence electrons :
• each electron in the same group contributes 0.35
• each electron in a lower group contributes 1.00
DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVE
NUCLEAR CHARGE :
Effective nuclear charge of nitrogen when shielding constant experienced by a 2p electron
Nitrogen
Atomic no. = 7
Electronic configuration: 1s², 2s², 2p³
Divide it in group => (1s²) (2s²,2p³)
=> 2*0.85 +4*0.35
Shielding constant => 3.10
We know that,
=> Z*=Z- Σ
=> Z*= 7-3.10
=> Z*=3.9
EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE OF BROMINE
WHEN SHIELDING CONSTANT EXPERIENCED
BY A 2P ELECTRON :
Bromine
Atomic number: 35
Electronic configuration: 1s² , 2s² 2p⁶ , 3s² 3p ⁶ 4s² , 3d¹ ⁰ , 4p ⁵
Divide in group: (1s²) (2s²,2p⁶) (3s²,3p⁶) (3d¹⁰) (4s²,4p ⁵)
Acc. To slater’s : 18*1+ 9*0.35 = 21.15
We know that,
=> Z*=Z- Σ
=> Z*=35 – 21.15
=> Z*= 13.85