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Power Plant 6&7
Power Plant 6&7
by: Mulugeta T.
©WSU Mechanical
CHAPTER-6:
6. Steam Turbines
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History of turbines
m U W2 cos 2 W1 cos 1
d
m V12
2U kW1 cos 2 W1 cos 1 In actual case, the relative
d velocity is reduced by friction
V12 and expressed by a blade
velocity coefficient k.
2UW1 k cos 2 cos 1
d
V12 Thus, k = W2/W1
cos 2
2U V1 cos 1 U k 1
cos 1
d
V12
cos 2
2U V1 cos 1 U k 1
cos 1
d
V12
U U
2
cos 2
d 2 cos 1 k 1
V1 V1 cos 1
cos 1
2cos 1 2 k 1 0
cos 1
cos 1 U
cos 1 2 0
2 V1
S.no
Jet condensers Surface condensers
1. Steam and water comes in Steam and water does not come in
direct contact. direct contact.
2. Condensation is due to mixing Condensation is due to heat transfer
of coolant. by conduction and convection.
3. Condensate is not fit for use Condensate is fit for reuse as boiler
as boiler feed until the treated feed.
cooling water is supplied.
It is costly. Improves the plant
4. It is cheap. Does not affect efficiency.
plant efficiency.
Maintenance cost is high.
5. Maintenance cost is low.
Vacuum created is up to 730 mm of
i. JET CONDENSERS
CLASSIFICATION OF JET CONDENSERS
•It is having
disadvantage of
flooding the steam
turbine if the
condensate
extraction pump
fails.
1.(ii) LOW LEVEL PARALLEL FLOW JET INJECTOR
• The mixture of
condensate, coolant and
air are extracted with the
help of wet air pump.
MERITS DEMERITS
1. Less quantity of cooling 1. The condensate is a waste.
water is required to 2. Less suitable for high
condense the steam. capacity plants.
2. Simple in construction 3. Large length of pipes
and low in cost. required, hence piping
3. Does not require cooling cost is high.
water pump. 4. Loss of vacuum due to
4. Less space is required. leakage of air from long
5. Low maintenance cost. pipings.
Merits And Demerits of Surface Condensers
MERITS DEMERITS
1. No mixing of cooling 1. Require large quantity of
water and steam, hence
the condensate directly cooling water.
pumped into the boiler.
2. Any kind of feed water 2. System is complicated,
can be used. costly and requires high
3. Develops high vacuum,
therefore suitable fro maintenance cost.
large power plants.
3. Require large floor space
4. Require less power to run
the air extraction and since it is bulky.
water extraction pump.
5. System is more efficient.
7.4 AIR PUMPS
TYPES OF AIR PUMPS