MAPEH 8

Disease Prevention and

Control of Diseases and Disorders
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Objectives:
▸ Explain the stages of infection
▸ Discuss the most common communicable
diseases; misconceptions, myths, and beliefs
about common communicable diseases; and
prevention and control of common
communicable diseases 3
 Outline
▸ Definition of infection
▸ Discuss the stages of infection
▸ Enumerate most common communicable diseases;
misconceptions and myths of common
communicable diseases
▸ Explain emerging and re-emerging diseases
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Communicable
Disease
Communicable diseases spread from
one person to another or from animal
to person. The spread often happens
via air-borne viruses or bacteria, but
also through blood or other bodily
fluid.
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What is Infection?
Stages of Infection
Incubation
period Illness stage

Podromal Convalescence
stage
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Most Common
Communicable
Diseases
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Acute Respiratory Infections and Flu
Influenza (known as flu) is a contagious
respiratory illness caused by influenza
viruses. It can cause mild to severe
illness, and at times can lead to death.
The most effective way to prevent flu is
by preventing spread of germs.
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 Pneumonia
An inflammation that inflames the air sacs
in on or both lungs. The air sacs may fill
with fluid or phlegm, causing cough with
phlegm, fever, chills, and difficulty in
breathing. A variety of organisms, including
bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause
pneumonia.
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 Tuberculosis (TB)
A disease caused by a bacterial
microorganism called Bacillus
mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be
passed through the air from the one person
to another. Commonly, it attacks the lungs,
but also other parts of the body.
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 Dengue
Dengue fever, also known as break bone
fever, is an infectious tropical disease
caused by the dengue virus which is
transmitted through the bite of an infected
female Aedes aegypti mosquito.

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Facts and Myths about
Communicable
Diseases
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Myth: The cold and wet season causes
pneumonia.

Fact: Pneumonia is more common during

cold and wet seasons only because people
tend to spend more time indoors in poorly
ventilated areas, causing the pathogens to
be transmitted easily from person to person.

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 Myth: The flu vaccine is dangerous,
especially for pregnant women.

Fact: Today’s flu vaccines are safe for

expectant mothers and are highly
recommended to help prevent contracting flu.

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 Myth: Tuberculosis is not curable.

Fact: Tuberculosis is curable when early

and proper diagnosis and proper
medicines are given. It is important that the
patient has taken the full course of the
treatment.

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 Myth: Dark clothes attract dengue-carrying
mosquitoes.

Fact: Mosquitoes, in general, are not

attracted to a certain color of clothes, type of
food, or even blood type. Mosquitoes are
primarily attracted to carbon dioxide and heat.

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 Emerging and
Reemerging Diseases

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 Leptospirosis
This is a bacterial disease caused by
bacteria called leptospira. The bacteria are
transmitted to humans and animals through
the urine of infected animals or urine–
contaminated environment through cuts or
abrasion on the skin.
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 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
This is a viral respiratory disease caused
by a coronavirus called SARS
coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This has
spread in several countries including
Asia.

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 Avian Influenza
It is A (H7N9), a subtype of influenza
viruses that have been detected in birds
in the past. This is a particular A
(H7N9) virus and not previously seen
in either animals or people until it was
found in March 2013 in China.
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 Influenza A ( H1N1 )
This is a flu virus and was called swine
flu when this was first detected in
2009 because this was similar to those
found in pigs. Although the H1N1
virus circulates in pigs, one cannot get
this by eating properly handled and
cooked pork or pork products. 23
Let us review!
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 When can you say that a
disease is communicable?

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Why do we need prevent and
control communicable
diseases?

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 References:
All County Health Care. (nd.). South Florida Allergy And Asthma Care. https://allcountyhealthcare.com/copd
-treatment/pneumonia-treatment/
Benavinte, R.P., Corpuz, S.S., Domingo F.A., Doria, J.P., Estabillo, H.C., Gutierrez, A.B., Javier, J.L., ...Yap, J.C. (2013)
Physical Education and HealthJugueta, L.R., Miranda, Q.S.,
Breaking News Today. (2020). The household product that can kill coronavirus on surfaces 'within one minute', according to
science. https://www.1news.info/the-household-product-that-can-kill-coronavirus-on-surfaces-within-one-minute-
according-to-science-706755
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Chest Cold (Acute Bronchitis). https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/
community/for-patients/common-illnesses/bronchitis.html
Grainger Know How. (nd.). Breaking the Chain of Infection. https://www.grainger.com/know-how/industry/healthcare/khinfo
graphic-chain-of-infection-what-is-it-and-how-to-break-it
LiveScience. (2010). Tuberculosis: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention. https://www.livescience.com/tuberculosis.html 27
 References:
Science. (2020). Swine flu strain with human pandemic potential increasingly found in pigs in China. https://www.science
mag .org/news/2020/06/swine-flu-strain-human-pandemic-potential-increasingly-found-pigs-china
Express.co.uk. (2017). Avian influenza outbreak: Human symptoms of potentially fatal virus 'bird flu' revealed. https://
www. express.co.uk/life-style/health/739881/avian-influenza-symptoms-bird-flu-fois-gras-outbreak-France
World Scientific. (nd.).Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/5469
Pediatric Oncall. (2015). Leptospirosis: Diseases and Conditions. https://www.pediatriconcall.com/articles/infectious-
diseases/leptospirosis/leptospirosis-patient-education
ISHN RSS. (2019). Communicable & infectious diseases on the rise in the U.S.. https://www.ishn.com/articles/110865-
communicable-infectious-diseases-on-the-rise-in-the-us
Sacdalan, G.S. & San Jose, M.R. (2017) Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health 8. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
The Scientist Magazine. (nd.). Scientists Zero In on the Novel Coronavirus's Incubation Period. https://www.the-
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scientist.com/news-opinion/scientists-zero-in-on-the -novel-coronavirus-incubation-period--67045