G P R U O Y

I S R H V T
H I S T O R Y
WHAT IS HISTORY?
HISTORY

• According to Merriam Dictionary, “History is a chronological record

of significant events (such as those affecting a nation or institution)
often including an explanation of their causes.”
• According to American Historical Association, “History is a critical
examination of the past in order to understand, interpret, and interpret
critically the forces and ideas that have shaped the present and the
future.”
C
H
A
P
T HISTORY OF
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
E
R

8 IN THE PHILIPPINES
MICHELLE C. LLANES
HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• According to the Department of Education, today’s educational
planning in the Philippines can claim an unbroken history even before
the establishment of our formal educational system.
• During the pre-Spanish era and the period of more than four centuries
when the Philippines was a possession of Spain and of the United States
there was a long and routine sort of educational planning though it was
not visible enough to compare with the present educational planning
activities.
HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING IN THE
PHILIPPINES

• At a minimum, they had to estimate how many students there would

be, how many classroom, teachers, desks and books would be needed
to serve them adequately; how much money these would require,
where the money would come from; and how and when it would be
spent. This process was educational planning which was taken for
granted as a normal part of the school administrators’ job. Much
more in some instances, it was abused that it led to wasteful
imbalances of our much limited school inputs.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

1962 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)

1966 PRESIDENTIAL ECONOMIC STAFF (PES)

1972 MARTIAL LAW

 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

In 1935, Commonwealth Act No. 2 was passed which

created the National Education Council (NEC). It was
the central authority responsible for the “formulation of
definite and consistent national economic policies and
the preparation of comprehensive economic and social
development plan”.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

The formulation of any set of policies or any program in the council, was
usually the concern of any or all of the following four groups:
 The Council proper composed of Congressional members, appointive members
from the Executive Branch and representatives of the private sector;
 The technical staff for the council, composed of members of its three main
offices: National Planning, Foreign Aid Coordination and Statistical
Coordination and Standards;
 Other departments, offices and agencies of the government, particularly the
Budget Commission, Central Bank, Department of Finance. Presidential
Economic Staff and
 The private Sector
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

 The law required approval by the President of both policies and programs
of the Council before they could be implemented by the government’s
departments, offices, and agencies. The National Economic Council was
under the Office of the President and headed by a chairman with cabinet
rank. He was directly responsible to the President of the Philippines

 Aside from NEC, there were planning committees set up in some of the
departments or agencies of the government.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

 On the regional level, planning was undertaken by

the various regional development authorities.
 On the local level, a provincial economic planning
was set under the auspices of the defunct Emergency
Administration.
The NEC coordinated the planning activities of these
agencies.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

The NEC was basically an advisory body with no executive functions
(with the exception of foreign aid). In order to coordinate the
implementation of development projects, a Development Council,
composed of heads of executive departments concerned with the
economic and social development, head of major government agencies
and legislative leader. This Council was presided over by the President
himself, who required the members to submit in person progress reports
on the different major projects. The Chairman of the NEC acted as
Executive Secretary of the Development Council. The Secretariat of the
NEC had an integrated Social Development Division located at the Office
of National Planning which also dealt with education.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

1962 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)

 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1962 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)

The Program Implementation Agency (PIA) was

created through Executive Order No. 17 to meet the
need for an implementing authority to push through
development plans.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

1962 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)

1966 PRESIDENTIAL ECONOMIC STAFF (PES)

 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1966 PRESIDENTIAL ECONOMIC STAFF (PES)

The PIA was changed to PES, Presidential Economic

Staff. These two agencies – the NEC and the PES, the
one on planning and the other on programming, stood
head above all other government executive
departments, corporations, financial institutions,
chartered cities and local governments in matters
pertaining to these two functions.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1966 MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

Executive Order No. 53, dated December 8, 1966

created the Manpower Development Council under
the Office of the President of the Philippines to
undertake the responsibility of assessing human
resources and forecasting the needs for trained
personnel at various occupational levels.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1935 NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL (NEC)

1962 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)

1966 PRESIDENTIAL ECONOMIC STAFF (PES)

1972 MARTIAL LAW

 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1972 MARTIAL LAW

With the proclamation of Martial Law in 1972 and the

implementation of the Integrated Reorganization Plan,
the National Economic and Development Authority
(NEDA) was created for the purpose of recommending
continuing coordinated and fully integrated social and
economic plans and programs.
 1. ORGANIZATION AND PROCESS OF OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1972 NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (NEDA)

This body is primarily charged with the task of

overseeing government development programs. It is
central agency for national development planning and
coordination of program implementation.
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1954 BOARD OF NATIONAL EDUCATION

1965 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4372

1972 EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1972

 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1954 BOARD OF NATIONAL EDUCATION

In 1954, the defunct Congress of the Philippines created the

Board of National Education through Republic Act No. 1124,
Its broad functions were:
to formulate the objectives and basic policies of education in
conformity with the Constitution;
to coordinate the objectives, functions, and activities of
different types of educational institutions; and
set up general goals of accomplishments for the entire school
system.
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1954 BOARD OF NATIONAL EDUCATION

The Board aside from being the highest policy making body in
education has been known as the first official planning body for
education. Initially, its activities that were concentrated on the
public school system were integrated with the national development
plan.
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1954 BOARD OF NATIONAL EDUCATION

1965 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4372

 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1965 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4372

Republic Act No. 4372 amended Republic Act No. 1124 and provided
among others the following additional functions of the Board of National
Education;

 To establish guidelines, policies, and criteria on the basis of which the

examination, evaluation and approval of textbooks by the Board of
Textbooks shall be made.
 To compile educational statistics, keep records on education, conduct
researches, surveys, and studies on educational conditions and problems,
evaluate the effects of national educational policies and undertake such other
activities as to effectively carry out all purpose of this act.
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1965 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4372

 To secure data and information from all government offices and entities and
educational institutions, public and private, and to consult and confer with
the offices and personnel thereof, on such matters as may be necessary for
the Board to discharge its functions.
 To submit an annual report to the President and to Congress not later than
January thirty-first of each year which shall include a compilation of the
national educational policies formulated by the Board, an evaluation of the
national educational system, and recommendation to the Executive and
Legislative branches of the government on the improvement of the
educational system of the country.
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1965-1970
1965
DEPT. MEMORANDUM NO.10 s. 1965

 issued by the secretary of education

 Bureaus and agencies to integrate and coordinate efforts in the
administration of developmental programs and to effect a
closer cooperation with the national planning agencies, NEC
and PES
 Department of Education Coordinating Committee for
Educational Planning
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1965
Operational planning then in the Department of Education
originated from its three bureaus. Although in principle these
bureau-sectoral plans were consolidated at the level of the
Secretary of Education, in practice they were submitted to the
Office of the President with hardly any substantial change and
were not coursed through the Board of National Education unless
they involved changes in curricula and standards.
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1965 It can be said that in the past years the partial

educational planning in the Philippines, both of policy
and implementing levels, was more concerned with
“humanistic values”, “quality of instruction”, and
“cost-determination”, than integration into the general
strategy for accelerated economic development,
according to the DECS
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1970 Through the Office of the Division of Educational

Planning, the Department of Education conducted a
comprehensive review of the educational system in
coordination with the Presidential Commission to
Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE).
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1954 BOARD OF NATIONAL EDUCATION

1965 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4372

1972 EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1972

 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1972 EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1972

• National Board of Education (NBE) shall be assisted

by an office of planning and research
• Planning Service in the Department of Education
 1I. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1972 EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1972

Education Development Decree of 1972 defined a 10-

year education plan that focused on curriculum
development, upgrading physical facilities, adoption of
cost-saving instructional technology, retraining of
teachers and administrators, accreditation, admissions
testing, guidance and counseling, democratizing access
through financial assistance, and shifting funding of basic
education from national to local government.
 NEC stands for

A. NATIONAL B. NATIONAL
ECONOMIC COUNCIL EDUCATION COUNCIL
 PES stands for

A. PRESIDENTIAL B. PRESIDENTIAL
EDUCATION SYSTEM ECONOMIC STAFF
 PIA stands for

A. PROGRAM B. PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATON
AUTHORITY AGENCY
 NEDA stands for

A. NATIONAL B. NATIONAL
ECONOMIC AND EDUCATION AND
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMEN
AUTHORITY AUTHORITY
 PCSPE stands for

A. PRESIDENTIAL B. NATIONAL
COMMISSION TO EDUCATION AND
SURVEY PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMEN
EDUCATION AUTHORITY