The Historical

Development of
Philippine Educational
System
Education During the Pre-Spanish Period (Before 1521)
● The pre-Spanish period does not give definite information regarding the
system of education in the Philippines.
● Early Filipinos possessed both written and oral literature.
● All written records, were destroyed by the Spaniards for they believed that
these were the works of devil.
● They possessed astronomical knowledge, practical knowledge, and
architectural skills.
● Much of their religious practices were connected with superstitious beliefs
which included the worship of anitos and spirits of ancestors.
Education During Spanish Period (1565-1898)
Educational Decree of 1863 was an attempt of the Spaniards to reform
the educational system of the Philippines.

1. the establishment of a complete secondary and collegiate levels.

2. the provision for government supervision and control of these

schools; and

3. the establishment of teacher-training institutions.

Education During the American Regime (1898-1936)
● The system of public education was patterned after the American
Educational Systems which prevailed during this period.

● Colleges and Universities organized by the religious orders during the

Spanish time continued to operate.

● Program of studies and curricula were revised to adapt to the changes

of time, like teaching the English language.
 Education During the Commonwealth (1935-1941)
and Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)
Some significant developments during the Commonwealth period were the ff.:
1. re-orientation of educational plans and policies to carry out the educational mandates of
the Constitution:
2. Revision of the elementary and secondary school curricula to carry out the objectives of
education embodied in the Constitution:
3. Emphasis on character education and citizenship training:
4. Introduction of vocational subjects in the general secondary course, a
5. Passage of the Education Act of 1940 (Commonwealth Act No. 586) which provided for
the complete revision of the public elementary school system of the country.
The Present Educational System
(1946-Present)

• Under the 1935 Constitution, the schools aimed to moral develop character, personal
discipline, civic conscience and vocational efficiency and to teach the duties of
citizenship.
• The system that dispensed education in the Philippines comprised the schools
established by private individuals or corporations or the private schools as well as
the public schools owned and managed by the state.
• Vocational education was emphasized in both public and private schools.
• Department of Education- supervises and regulates all educational institution.
1) Bureau of Public School
2) Bureau of Private School
The Present Educational System
(1946-Present)

• Martial Law was declared in 1972 and the massive reforms in all
government sectors were undertaken.
• The country’s educational system adopted the acronym PLEDGES as a
means of directing all strategies in achieving the goals set for education.
• PLEDGES- Peace and Order, Land Reform, Economic Development,
Government Reorganization, Employment and Manpower Development
and Social Services.
The History of the
Department of
Education, Culture
and Sports
The Department of Public Instruction

● The Act No. 74 was passed by Philippine Commission on

January 21, 1901, which established the Department of Public
Instruction.
● The Department of Public Instruction have executive control
and general supervision of all school, already established by
the military authorities.
The Bureau of Education
● Act No. 477, which passed on October 8, 1902
amended Section 1 of Act No. 74, created the
Bureau of Education.
● This assumed the general control and supervision
of the public schools.
The Department of Education
● Executive Order No. 94 released on October 15, 1947, the
Department renamed Department of Education headed by
Secretary of Education for the reason that the old designation
was not inclusive enough to express the scope and nature of its
functions.
The Department of
Education and Culture
● By virtue of PD No. 1, the executive branch of the government was
reorganized with the adoption of the Integrated Reorganization Plan on
September 24, 1972.
● The Department of Education underwent changes and its name was changed to
Department of Education and Culture.
● This stress its major role in economic and cultural development.
● Presidential Order of 1972, based on Presidential Decree No. 1 abolished the
Bureau of Public School, Bureau of Private School and Bureau of Vocational
School.
The Department of
Education and Culture
● The three (3) Bureaus namely:
1. Bureau of Elementary Education
2. Bureau of Secondary Education
3. Bureau of Higher Education
Would be responsible for the formulation and evaluation of
programs and standards at their respective level of education, both
public and private.
The Ministry of Education and
Culture

• In 1978, pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1397, along with

other government departments, the Department of Education and
Culture was converted into a Ministry and named Ministry of
Education and Culture.
• 13 Regional Directors reported directly to the Minister.
• The Minister was assisted by four (4) Deputy Ministers and other
staff personnel in managing the affairs of the agency.
The Department of Education,
Culture and Sports.
A new administration took over in 1986 after the deposition of Marcos
administration on February 25, 1986. The new leadership of the MECS reviewed
the progress and problems in the system and instituted policies to improve the
delivery of educational services.

On Feb. 11, 1987, the MECS were changed to DECS (Department of Education,
Culture and Sports); by virtue of Administrative Order No. 15 and Dept. Order
No. 16, s. 1987. The Minister changed to Secretary; Deputy Ministers to
Undersecretary; and Assistant Ministers to Assistant Secretaries.
The Department of Education
● By the virtue of RA 9155, the Department of Education was created. This was
approved on August 11, 2001.
● DepEd is in charge of the basic education – Elementary and Secondary Levels.
● RA 9155, declared the policy pf the State to protect and promote the right of all
Filipino citizens to quality basic education, and make such education accessible to
all.
● All functions, programs and activities of the DepEd related to sports competition
shall be transferred to the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC)
 THE COMMISSION ON HIGHER
EDUCATION
● The CHED was established in 1994 through RA 772.
● Takes charge of the tertiary education programs in the country
● Created a 10-year Long Term Higher Education Development
Plan
 Aims to address pre-existing educational dilemmas
 Redirect the HEI to meet the needs of a globally competitive
human resource
PHILISOPHY
● The HE focuses on the development of the full potential of
the Filipilinos
● Hones the capabilities of the Filipinos in competitive and
critically thinking
● Helps develop nationalism, cultural identity, political
maturity, economic and social security, and preservation of
the environment
Mission
● Emphasizes the formation of skills and knowledge necessary to
become a productive individual

● accelerate the development of professionals who will seek after new

knowledge

● instruct the young and provide leadership in the various fields

required by a dynamic and self-sustaining economy.

● harness the productive capacity of the country's human resource

Vision
● the HE provides and expands for the useful technical
knowledge and skills of the Filipinos
● advances the capability of Filipinos in society

● instills in the Filipinos to think, act, and respond positively in

the
● development of the family, community, and society
Goals
● CHED ensures the attainment of empowered and globally competitive Filipinos
through:

● Quality and Excellence - provision of education that meets with the international
standards of quality and excellence

● Relevance and Responsiveness- generation and transmission of knowledge in the

broader spectrum of discipline relevant and responsive to the dynamically
changing environment

● Access and Equity - provision of more equitable access to higher education

opportunities to deserving and qualified Filipinos
Goals

● Efficiency and Effectiveness - optimization of social,

institutional, and individual benefits derived from the
utilization of HE resources
Organizational Structure
1. Board of Advisers
a) Chairman (DECS Secretary)
b) Co-Chairman (NEDA Director-General)
c) Members

2. Office of the Commissioners

d) Office of the Chairman
e) Office of the Commissioners
3. Office of the Executive Director
● head of the commission secretariat which implements the plans and policies of the
commission.
● coordinates the activities and projects of various offices as follows:

3.1. Higher Education Development Fund (HEDF)

● tasked to formulate and implement HEDF investment policies
● identifies additional sources of funds

3.2. International Affairs Staff

● tasked to develop strategies and schemes to establish linkages with various
international HEI's
● implements foreign assisted projects on higher education
3.3. Administrative and Finance Service
● responsible for the administrative and financial management services
● composed of four divisions, namely: Budget, Accounting, Human Resources
Management, and General Services Divisions
3.4. Legal Affairs Services
● provides legal services to the Commission
● has an Investigation and Enforcement Division
3.5. Office of Programs and Standards
● tasked to formulate and implement policies, standards, and guidelines on higher
educations, programs, systems, and processes
● composed of three divisions: Standards Development, Programs, Monitoring and
Evaluation Divisions
3.6. Office of Policy and Planning, Research and Information
● tasked to implement and formulate higher education plans and programs as
well as research priorities
● composed of three divisions: Policy and Planning Development, Research,
Information and Publication Divisions

3.7. Office of Student Services

● tasked to formulate and implement policies, systems, and procedures
relating to the administration of various education services on higher
education
● composed of two divisions: Study Grants, and Student Assistance Divisions
4. Regional Field Offices
● tasked to serve as frontline offices or implementing units of the Commission in the 17
regions of the country
5. Technical Panels
● set the standards for eight clusters of discipline: Science and Mathematics,
Humanities Social Sciences and Communication, Information Technology, Health
Profession Education, Engineering and Architecture, Maritime Education, Business
and Industry, Agricultural Education, Teacher Education
● involved in the monitoring and evaluation of programs and institutions
● composed of senior specialists of academicians and experts from the academe,
government, industry, and professional societies
Thank you!