Interpretation of Data

Irmawati
 Summarize the information by selecting and reporting
the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
 Skills and Strategies
• Use linkers appropriately
• Choose the right words
• Use the correct punctuation
• Choose words that go well together
• Include data to support the point
• Use the right tense and voice
• Use paragraphs appropriately
• Provide an overview of the information
• Use words in the correct form
• Use complex sentence
• Use reference words to avoid repetition
• Use the right prepositions
• Spell word correctly
• Select the most important information
• Use comparative structures correctly
• Use precise words and expressions
• Write at least 150 words
• Present information in a logical order
 Types of graphs
Eng. 4 Acc.
Category 4
Category 3
Used to show relationships between different data series that are
Category 2 independent of each other. In this case, the height or length of
Category 1 the bar indicates the measured value or frequency
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Series 3 Series 2 Series 1

Eng. 4 Acc.
4
Represent how data has changed over time. This type of charts
0
is especially useful when you want to demonstrate trends or
Category Category Category Category
1 2 3 4
numbers that are connected
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
 Types of graphs
Sales

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

Designed to visualize how a whole is

divided into various parts. Each segment a plan, drawing, or outline created to
of the pie is a particular category within illustrate how separate parts work and
the total data set. In this way, it represents overlap at the connecting points
a percentage distribution
 Table
Tingkat Kepuasan Mahasiswa Rencana
(%) Tindak Lanjut
No. Aspek yang diukur
Sangat  
Baik Cukup Kurang
Baik
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Keandalan (reliability): kemampuan 58,183 37,276  
1. dosen dalam memberikan pelayanan 75 25 4,2175 0,32
       
Daya tanggap (responsiveness):
kemauan dari dosen dalam
Tables allow the
2. membantu mahasiswa dan
memberikan jasa dengan cepat
65,925 30,67 3,185 0,225
 
reader to classify
       
Kepastian(assurance): kemampuan
dosen untuk memberi keyakinan
and compare the
3. kepada mahasiswa bahwa pelayanan
yang diberikan telah sesuai dengan 72,98
17,988
33 7,335 1,695
  given facts
ketentuan
       
Empati (empathy):
kesediaan/kepedulian dosen untuk 60,596 5,5866
4. memberi perhatian kepada  
67 33,22 67 0,596667
mahasiswa.        
Tangible: penilaian mahasiswa
5. terhafap kecukupan, aksesibilitas, 57,765 38,545 3,35 0,335  
kualitas sarana dan prasarana        
 Before Writing the Description
Underline the keywords (N, Adj, Verb, Adverb)

Write the opposite word, similar word, synonym

Cycle or highlight the graph

Identify the trend of graph

 Identify the trend of graph
1. What is happening
2. The main change
3. The most noticeable thing
4. The pattern over the time
5. The pattern for different places
 How to Begin a Description
To catch your audience’s attention from the very beginning, you can use the
following phrases for introduction:

• Let me show you this bar graph…

• Let’s turn to this diagram…
• I’d like you to look at this map…
• If you look at this graph, you will notice…
• Let’s have a look at this pie chart…
• If you look at this line chart, you will understand…
• To illustrate my point, let’s look at some charts…
 How to Describe Bar Graphs
• Bar graphs transform the data into separate bars or columns. Generally, this type of
visuals have categories on the x-axis and the numbers on the y-axis. So, you can
compare statistical data between different groups.
• The bar graphs show which category is the largest and which is the smallest one.
• Each group should be independent so that the changes in one do not influence others.
• The bars or columns can be drawn either vertically or horizontally, as it doesn’t make
any difference.
• The words used to describe bar chart are pretty similar to ones used for the line charts.
 How to Describe Line Graphs
• This type of charts converts information into points on a grid that is
connected with a line to represent trends, changes, or relationship between
objects, numbers, dates, etc.
• These lines show movement over time affected by the increase or decrease
in the key factors.
• To express the movement of the line, you should use appropriate verbs,
adjectives, and adverbs depending on the kind of action you need to show.
Using Appropriate Vocabulary
 How to Describe Pie Charts
• The pie chart is primarily used to illustrate how different parts make up a
whole.
• The best way to present your data in a pie chart is to compare the
categories with each other.

to compare compared to as opposed to versus more than the majority of

only a small monitory greater than less than
 How to Describe Diagrams and other
Visuals
To describe diagrams or any other type of graphs as clearly as possible, you should name each visual
element. For example:
• The vertical axis shows…
• The horizontal axis represents…
• This curve illustrates…
• The solid line shows…
• The shaded area describes…
• This colored segment is for…
• The red bar…
 How to Describe a Table
• Start by saying what information is shown.
• In the second paragraph give an overview of the most important features of the
information.
• Be selective and choose the key observations and trends. You don't have to write
about every single detail.
• Divide your observations into paragraphs about different aspects of the data. A
concluding paragraph is not always necessary.
• Use a variety of structures.