the Lantern Festival

吴晓菁
Wu Xiaojing
wuxiaojing0204@hotmail.com
13951876234
Histology and Embryology

Medical School Of Southeast University

Wu Xiaojing

wuxiaojing0204@hotmail.com
 Introduction to Histology
Conception :

Histology is the study of the tissues of the body and

how these tissues are arranged to constitute organs.

Histology is just another name for microscopic anatomy.

Main Subject:
Cells---tissues---organs---organ systems

Tools ：
microscope
 covering epithelium
epithelial tissue glandular epithelium

connective tissue proper

cartilaginous tissue
connective tissue
bone tissue
blood

skeletal muscle
muscular tissue myocardium
Smooth muscle

central nervous system

nerve tissue peripheral nervous system
1015 cells in the human body
Tissue
organ
system
motor system
respiratory system
circulatory system
digestive system
urinary system
nervous system
endocrine system
reproductive system
Human body
 Histology – the study of cellular
structures of the body

 Anatomy at the microscopic level (microanatomy)

 Cells---tissues---organs---organ systems
 1015 cells in the human body
 200+ cell types in the body

Observation – the key to identifying cell types

 Methods and tips
1 . connective between structure and function
（ The structure determines the nature ）

2 . global and individual

3. dynamic variation
 A section is a slice of tissue
 Orientation when sectioned affects what you see.
Familiarity with the tools and methods of
histology is essential for proper understanding of
the subject.

The most common tool used to study cells and

tissues for you students is optical microscope.

The most common method used in the study of

tissues is the preparation of permanent
histological slides that can be studied with the aid
of the optical microscope
 Light Microscope = tool of the
histologist

 Oculars (eyepieces)
 Stage
 Objective Lens
 Condenser
 Light source
 Focus knobs
 Preparation of Tissue for
Microscopic Examination
 1. Obtaining the tissue （ fresh and fast ）
 2. Fixation （ formaldehyde ）
 3. Dehydration （ sucrose ）
 4. Clearing （ buffer solution ）
 5. Embedding （ OCT ,Paraffin ）
 6. Sectioning （ 5-10um)
 7. Staining
 8. Mounting
parafin section
frozen section
 Specimen Preparation
 Staining: most common is H&E

 Hematoxylin: cationic dye (+ charge) that binds to

negatively charged (acidic) structures in the cell. Example:
nucleus = blue

 Eosin: anionic dye (- charge) adheres to basic structures in

the cell. Example: amine groups (NH3+) on proteins make
cytoplasm pink.
HE 染色：苏木精（ Hematoxylin ）伊红（ Eosin ）染
色
碱性染料 酸性染料

将嗜碱性物质（本 将嗜酸性物质（本
身酸性）染成蓝色 身碱性）染成红色

细胞核中的 DNA 、 RNA 细胞质、膜性结构（线粒体

细胞质中的 RNA 、溶酶体、滑面内质网）

嗜酸性、嗜碱性、中性、异染性
亲银细胞、嗜银细胞、嗜银纤维、
铺片、涂片、磨片。
 H&E staining ：
（ Hematoxylin ）
（ Eosin ）
cationic dye (+ charge) anionic dye (- charge)
Alkaline dye Acidic dye

binds to negatively adheres to basic structures in

charged (acidic) the cell

Blue ： nuclear DNA 、 RNA Pink: cytoplasm 、

organelle
Acidophilia ： bind to Acidic dye
Basophilla: bind to Alkaline dye
Kidney cells
Heterochromatic and Euchromatic
Nuclei
Microvilli of Intestinal Epithelial
Cells
H&E staining for pyramidal neurons
special optical microscope

fluorescence microscope
phase contrast microscope
Laser scanning confocal microscope
Laser scanning confocal microscope
 electron microscope 100X-1000X

transmission electron microscope

Golgi Complex
electron density planar
electron beam
 scanning electron microscope

Red blood cell

platelet
leukocyte

Pseudo color stereo

Sperm and oocyte
small intestine microvilli
Drosophila compound eye
 Immunohistochemistry

Antigen---antibody reaction
Immunohistochemistry
In Situ Hybridization