POLYAMIDES

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION

• A POLYAMIDE IS A POLYMER WITH REPEATING UNITS LINKED BY AMIDE

BONDS.
• POLYAMIDES ARE CONDENSATION POLYMERS. PREPARATION BY THE
CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION OF DIAMINES WITH DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS
OR CONDENSATION OF AMINO ACIDS OR THEIR LACTAMS.
• ALIPHATIC POLYAMIDES ARE CALLED NYLONS, THE MOST IMPORTANT OF
WHICH ARE PREPARED BY RA2 + RB2 STEP-GROWTH POLYMERIZATION.
• IN THE NOMENCLATURE, THE FIRST NUMBER IS THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS IN THE DIAMINE
MONOMER AND THE SECOND IS CARBON ATOMS IN THE DIACID (OR DIACID HALIDE) MONOMER.
 CLASSIFICATION

Family Main Chain Examples

Aliphatic Polyamides Aliphatic Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6, Nylon

11, Nylon 6,10, Nylon12

Polyphthalamides Semi-Aromatic PA 6T

Aramids Aromatic Kevlar, Twaron, Nomex

NYLON 6

SYNTHESIS:
• RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION - A SPECIAL CASE IN THE COMPARISON
BETWEEN CONDENSATION AND ADDITION POLYMERS.
NYLON 6
PROPERTIES
• ALSO CALLED CAPRON.
• FIBRES ARE TOUGH, POSSESSING HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH, ELASTICITY AND
LUSTRE.
• WRINKLE PROOF AND HIGHLY RESISTANT TO ABRASION AND CHEMICALS
SUCH AS ACIDS AND ALKALIS.
• THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE IS 40 °C AND CRYSTALLINE MELTING
TEMPERATURE IS 223°C.
• POOR BIODEGRADABILITY.
• IT IS HIGHLY CRYSTALLINE, BECAUSE OF STRONG HYDROGEN BONDING.
NYLON 6

APPLICATIONS:
• MANUFACTURING OF TYRE CORDS, FABRICS AND ROPES.
• PRODUCED IN THE FORM OF FILAMENT YARNS AND STAPLE FIBRE YARNS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
• CARPETS, UPHOLSTERY
• APPAREL , HOSIERY
• TIRE CORDS, SEAT BELTS, PARACHUTES, ROPES
• INDUSTRIAL CORDS.
NYLON 11
SYNTHESIS:
• PRODUCED BY THE POLYMERIZATION OF 11-AMINOUNDECANOIC ACID.
• IT IS ALSO PRODUCED FROM CASTOR BEANS, AS DONE BY THE
MULTINATIONAL MANUFACTURER ARKEMA UNDER THE TRADE NAME
RILSAN.

PROPERTIES
HAS LOWER VALUES OF
• DENSITY AND YOUNG'S MODULUS,
• WATER ABSORPTION
• MELTING AND GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURES
NYLON 11

APPLICATIONS:
• IN THE FIELDS OF AUTOMOTIVE, AEROSPACE, PNEUMATICS, MEDICAL, AND
OIL AND GAS, NYLON 11 IS USED IN FUEL LINES, HYDRAULIC HOSES, AIR
LINES, UMBILICAL HOSES, CATHETERS, AND BEVERAGE TUBING.
• USED IN THE SOLES AND OTHER MECHANICAL PARTS OF FOOTWEAR.
• IT IS ALSO SEEN IN RACKET SPORTS FOR RACKET STRINGS, EYELETS, AND
BADMINTON SHUTTLECOCKS.
NOMEX

SYNTHESIS:
NOMEX META-ARAMID,
POLY(META-PHENYLENEISOPHTHALAMIDE),
IS PREPARED FROM META-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
AND ISOPHTHALOYL CHLORIDE IN AN
AMIDE SOLVENT.
NOMEX
PROPERTIES
• DIFFERENT TYPES : 430 NOMEX, 450 NOMEX, 455 NOMEX (III), 462 NOMEX
(IIIA) ETC.
• THE AROMATIC RINGS AND THE CONJUGATED AMIDE BONDS ARE
PARTICULARLY STRONG AND RESISTANT TO CHEMICAL ATTACK.
• THEY ALSO PROVIDE A HIGH DEGREE OF HEAT RESISTANCE TO THE POLYMER
BACKBONE. THUS, NOMEX DOES NOT MELT AND DRIP, AND MERELY CHARS.
• NO EMBRITTLEMENT OR DEGRADATION AT CRYOGENIC CONDITIONS (AS
LOW AS -196°C).
• GOOD TEXTILE PROPERTIES, DIMENSIONAL STABILITY AND RESISTANCE TO
DEGRADATION BY A WIDE RANGE OF CHEMICALS AND INDUSTRIAL
SOLVENTS.
NOMEX

APPLICATIONS:
• BECAUSE OF ITS EXCELLENT PHYSICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES, USED IN
• THERMAL PROTECTIVE APPAREL,
• FILTRATION AND
• THERMAL RESISTANT FURNISHINGS.
• INDUSTRIAL COATED FABRICS;
• IRONING- OR PRESSING-MACHINE COVERS
• RUBBER HOSE REINFORCEMENT
• FELT SCRIMS
SOURCES

• DUPONT NOMEX DOCUMENTATION

• SCIENCEDIRECT ONLINE RESOURCES
• PRINCIPLES OF POLYMERIZATION BY GEORGE ODIAN
• INTRODUCTION TO POLYMERS BY YOUNG CHEMISTRY
• CLASS XII NCERT RESOURCES
• WIKIPEDIA
• NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINES
• OTHER ONLINE RESOURCES
PREPARED BY

SANYAM GUPTA LEELA VASUDEV NAGA CHANDRAMSH