Oxidation-Reduction

Reactions and Balancing Advanced

Chemistry
Redox Reactions Quarter 4
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Balancing Redox
Reactions

Advanced
Chemistry
Objectives Examples Quarter 4

Definition
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives

At the end of this session, students should be able to

Objectives

At the end of this session, students should be able to

Define Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

 Objectives

At the end of this session, students should be able to

Apply rules in assigning oxidation states in atoms and ions in a

redox chemical equation
 Objectives

At the end of this session, students should be able to

Balance redox chemical equations in atomic weight and in net

charge
 Objectives

At the end of this session, students should be able to

Balance redox chemical equations in either an acidic or in a basic

aqueous solution
Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

Oxidation-reduction chemical reactions are chemical

reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from atoms,
ions, compounds, etc. Some examples of daily-life
application of redox reactions include:

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

The skill that will be useful on balancing redox equations is

to assign oxidation states to every atom, ion, molecule, etc.
Here are the following guidelines to consider:

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

The skill that will be useful on balancing redox equations is

to assign oxidation states to every atom, ion, molecule, etc.
Here are the following guidelines to consider:

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

The skill that will be useful on balancing redox equations is

to assign oxidation states to every atom, ion, molecule, etc.
Here are the following guidelines to consider:

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

The skill that will be useful on balancing redox equations is

to assign oxidation states to every atom, ion, molecule, etc.
Here are the following guidelines to consider:

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

The skill that will be useful on balancing redox equations is

to assign oxidation states to every atom, ion, molecule, etc.
Here are the following guidelines to consider:

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

The skill that will be useful on balancing redox equations is

to assign oxidation states to every atom, ion, molecule, etc.
Here are the following guidelines to consider:

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

The skill that will be useful on balancing redox equations is

to assign oxidation states to every atom, ion, molecule, etc.
Here are the following guidelines to consider:

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

The skill that will be useful on balancing redox equations is

to assign oxidation states to every atom, ion, molecule, etc.
Here are the following guidelines to consider:

Example: Find the individual charges of the atoms in the

compound sodium bicarbonate.
Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

Example: Find the individual charges of the atoms in the

compound sodium bicarbonate.
The chemical formula will be
+1 +1+4 -2

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

Example: Find the individual charges of the atoms in the

polyatomic ion phosphate
The chemical formula will be
+5 -2

Definition
 What are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions?

NOW YOU KNOW!

Let’s try these 

Assign oxidation states to individual elements of the

following compounds:

1. Perchloric acid Definition

2. Potassium permanganate
 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations
In the first grading, you learned how to balance chemical
equations by mass but this time, we will also balance
chemical equations by both mass and charges.

It is important to be knowledgeable on assigning charges to

individual atoms of a compound in order to know which
element is being oxidized and reduced.

Definition
A chemical equation is a redox chemical equation if there
are elements that are oxidized and reduced.
 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations
A chemical equation is a redox chemical equation if there
are elements that are oxidized and reduced.

Determine whether the chemical equation below shows a

redox chemical equation:
Zn + NO −
3
1
↔ Zn +2
+ NO 2
0 +5 -2 +2 +4 -2

Definition
Examples
 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balance the redox equation below:

CuO + Zn ↔ Cu + ZnO
+2 -2 0 0 +2 -2

Reduction: Copper (from +2 to 0)

Oxidation: Zinc (from 0 to +2)
uO ↔Zn
Cu↔ ZnO
Reduction half-reaction Oxidation half-reaction
Examples

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balance the redox equation below:

CuO + Zn ↔ Cu + ZnO
uO ↔ Zn Cu↔ ZnO
Balance by mass by adding molecule
O ↔ Cu + H+
Zn 2O
H 2 O ↔ ZnO
Still unbalanced, add hydrogen ions
+2H Zn + H
+¿ ↔ Cu + H 2 O ¿
2 O ↔ ZnO +2 H Examples
+¿ ¿

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balance the redox equation below:

CuO + Zn ↔ Cu + ZnO
+¿ ¿
O+ 2 H Zn + H
+¿ ↔ Cu + H 2 O ¿
2 O ↔ ZnO +2 H
+2 0 0 +2
Add two electrons to Add two electrons to
the reactants side the product side
−
+¿ +2 e ↔ Cu +H 2 O¿
+2H +
Since we added two electrons to both sides, we can just Examples
cancel it out
+¿ ¿
O+ 2 H Zn + H
+¿ ↔ Cu + H 2 O ¿
2 O ↔ ZnO +2 H

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balance the redox equation below:

CuO + Zn ↔ Cu + ZnO
+¿ ¿
O+ 2 H Zn + H
+¿ ↔ Cu + H 2 O ¿
2 O ↔ ZnO +2 H

+ ¿¿
+¿ +Zn +H 2 O ↔Cu +H 2 O +ZnO +2 H ¿
CuO+ 2 H
Cancel like substances
CuO + Zn ↔ Cu + ZnO Examples

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations
Redox reactions may occur in either an acidic or a basic
aqueous solution.
In case a redox reaction is in the acidic state when
balancing, we need to either add or molecules in order to
balance the mass whichever is missing in the redox
equation.
However, in the basic state, we need to either add or
molecules. Examples
In order to calculate the balanced redox equation in basic
state, we need to solve first for the balanced equation in
acidic state.
 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balance the redox equation below:

H 2 O 2+Cr 2 O −
7
2
↔ O 2 +Cr +3

+1 -1 +6 -2 0 +3

Reduction: Chromium (from +6 to +3)

Oxidation: Oxygen (from -1,-2 to 0)
O−
7
2
↔H 2 O2 ↔ O2
Cr + 3

Reduction half-reaction Oxidation half-reaction

Examples

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balance the redox equation below:

H 2 O 2+Cr 2 O −
7
2
↔ O 2 +Cr +3

2 O − 2
7 ↔ H
Cr 2 O2 ↔ O2
+ 3

Balance Chromium Hydrogen is missing, add

+¿ ¿
O−
7
2
↔ 2 Cr +3
H 2 O 2 ↔ O 2+ 2 H
Oxygen is missing, add
− 2
↔ 2 Cr + 3 + 7 H O
Examples
7 2
Hydrogen is missing, add
+3
−2 +¿ ↔ 2Cr +7 H 2 O ¿
Cr 2 O 7 +14 H

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balance the redox equation below:

H 2 O 2+Cr 2 O −
7
2
↔ O 2 +Cr +3
+¿ ¿
H 2 O 2 ↔ O 2+ 2 H
+3
− 2 + ¿ ↔ 2Cr +7 H 2 O ¿
7 + 14 H
+6 +3 -1 0
Add one electron to
Add three electrons to the product side
the reactant sideH O ↔ O 2+ 2 H +¿ +e
−
¿
↔ 22 2H
− +3
− 2 + ¿+3 e Cr +7 O¿
7 + 14 H 2

Multiply the whole equation

− 2
Cancel electrons
O 7 + 14 H
+ ¿ ↔ 2Cr +7 H O ¿
+3

3 H 2 O2 ↔ 3 O2 + 6 H
by 3 to equalize the electrons
+ ¿ +3 e ¿
2
Examples
−

Cancel electrons +¿ ¿
3 H 2 O 2 ↔ 3 O 2 +6 H

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balance the redox equation below:

H 2 O 2+Cr 2 O −
7
2
↔ O 2 +Cr +3

+¿ ¿
3 H2 O 2 ↔ 3 O2 + 6 H
+3
− 2 + ¿ ↔ 2Cr+7 H O ¿
O 7 + 14 H 2

+3 +¿ ¿
−2 +¿+3 H 2 O2 ↔ 2 Cr +7 H 2 O+ 3O 2+6 H ¿
Cr 2 O 7 +14 H
Cancel like substances
Cr 2 O −2
7 +8 H +¿+3 H 2 O2 ↔ 2 Cr
+3
+7 H 2 O+ 3O 2 ¿
Examples
Balanced redox reaction in acidic state

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Balanced redox reaction in acidic state:

+3
−2 +¿+3 H 2 O2 ↔ 2 Cr +7 H 2 O+ 3O 2 ¿
Cr 2 O 7 +8 H
Add to both sides of the equation according on how many are present
− +3 −
−2 +¿+3 H 2 O2 +8 OH ↔ 2 Cr +7 H 2 O+ 3O 2+8 OH ¿
Cr 2 O 7 +8 H
An and an ion can form water
Cr 2 O −7 2+ 3 H 2 O 2 +8 H 2 O ↔2 Cr +3 +7 H 2 O+ 3 O 2+ 8 OH −
Cancel like substances Examples
Cr 2 O −
7
2
+ 3 H 2 O 2 + H 2 O ↔ 2 Cr +3
+ 3 O 2 + 8 OH −

Balanced redox reaction in basic state

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6 STEP 7

 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Worked Example 1
Balance the redox equation below:
Te+ NO −
3
1
↔ TeO −2
3 + N 2 O4
Balanced Redox Equation in Acidic State:
−2
−1 +¿ ↔ TeO 3 +2 N 2 O4 +H 2 O ¿
Te+ 4 NO 3 +2 H
Balanced Redox Equation in Basic State:
Te+ 4 NO −1 −2
+ H 2 O ↔ TeO + 2 N 2 O 4 +2OH −
Examples
3 3
 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations

Now, you try! 

Balance the redox equations below:

Examples
 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations
Key takeaways

Examples
 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations
Key takeaways

Examples
 Balancing Redox Chemical Equations
Key takeaways

Examples
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Balancing Redox
Reactions

Advanced
Chemistry
Objectives Examples Quarter 4

Definition
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Balancing Redox
Reactions

 Advanced
Chemistry
THANK
Quarter 4
YOU
 
THANK
YOU