Student: Aphar Magaramova

Teacher: Xuraman Ahmedova

Faculty: ITIF

Specialty: Information Technologies

Group: 682.20E

Subject: Physic

Topic: The classical theory of electrical

conductivity of metals. Joule’s law.
Conductivity of metals
 Resistivity is a property of the material. It is how well the material
conducts.

RESISTIVITY This formula shows that the resistance will increase if increases or the
length increases.

The resistance will decrease if the area increases.

Resistivity and
temperature.
Conductivity in metals is a
statistical/thermodynamic quantity.
The general rule is resistivity
increases with increasing
temperature in conductors and
decreases with increasing
temperature in insulators.
Unfortunately there is no simple
mathematical function to describe
these relationships.
Resistivity is a linear function of
temperature.
ρ = ρ0(1 + α(T − T0))
SUPERCONDUCTORS

Below a certain critical temperature,

Resistance becomes ZERO at the critical
temperature.
Superconductors are used to make low
loss power lines and very good
electromagnets.
Ohm’s Law

If V is measured in volts and I in

amperes, then resistance has the
unit of volt per ampere, which is
called an ohm (abbreviated W).
For some materials, over narrow
ranges, the change in resistivity is
approximately proportional to the
change in temperature.
Joule-Lens Law

Joule’s Law is an equation that

gives the amount of heat (energy)
delivered to something. It would
seem sensible to assume that it’s
the amount of heat delivered to
the weld. However, it is important
to consider all the factors in the
equation: Current, Voltage, and
Time. Work and Power: