Introduction to Pipe

Introduction to Pipe
 Pipe
Definition: A long tube or hollow
body used for conveying a flowing
substance or transmitting pressure.

History:
1. Earliest pipe on record is bamboo.
2. As man progressed he used a hollow log.
3. First metal pipe was bronze.
4. Pompeii records they used metal plug valves.
 Materials
Common materials used in the fabrication of pipe:

Carbon Steel: the most common

Alloys:
•Stainless Steel
•Aluminum
•Chrome
•Nickel
•Incoloy
 Grades of Carbon Steel

There are various grades of Carbon Steel. Grade designates

the amount of carbon content in the steel:

Example:
Grade “A” has a lower tensile strength than Grade “B”
because the carbon content is less.
Methods Of Manufacturing Pipe

Flat plate is twisted

to form a pipe and
then the seam is
welded

SPIRAL WELDED PIPE

Flat plate is rolled and a
straight longitudinal weld
connects the ends of the
rolled plate

ROLLED & WELDED PIPE

Formed in one piece
with no welds

SEAMLESS PIPE
 Pipe Size

Industry will refer to pipe sizes by:

Nominal diameter

Actual Outside diameter

 Pipe Size

NOMINAL SIZE: Pertains to calling the pipe size by name only.

Example: 2”, 3” 4”, 6”, 8”, 12”, etc.
OUTSIDE DIAMETER OR “O.D.”: Pertaining to the actual O.D.
(outside diameter) of a pipe.
EXAMPLE:
NOMINAL O.D.
1” 1 5/16”
2” 2 3/8”
3” 3 1/2”
4” 4 1/2”
12” 12 3/4”
14” 14”
WALL THICKNESS: Pertains to the thickness of the pipe wall.
A. O.D. is constant
B. I.D. will vary
EXAMPLE: Nominal Schedule Wall Thickness I.D.
8” STD. WT. .322 7.981
8” SCH. 80 .500 7.625
8” SCH. 120 .719 7.187
8” XX STRONG .875 6.875
 Dimension Chart
(Fluor Standard: 000 250 9810)
PIPE SIZES NOT
COMMONLY USED IN
REFINERY PIPING ARE:
1/ 8”
NOTE: 1/ 4”
Nominal pipe size 3/ 8”
and Actual O.D. are 1 1/ 4”
different 2 1/ 2”
only up through 12”. 3 1/ 2”
14” and larger pipe 5”
nominal and actual O.D.
are the same.
 Wall Thickness
PIPE is manufactured with different wall thickness.
Wall Thickness is based on:
Pressure
Temperature
Type of commodity being transmitted.

Example: Higher pressure = thicker

pipe walls.
 Ansi Standard B36.10
NOM CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS
ANSI STANDARD B36.10
PIPE (ALL DIMENSIONS ARE GIVEN IN MILLIMETRES)
SCH. SCH SCH STD. SCH SCH XS SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH XXS
SIZE 10 20. 30. 40. 60. 80. 100. 120. 140. 160.
(mm) O.D.
6 10.29 1.73 1.73 2.41 2.41
8 13.75 2.24 2.24 3.02 3.02
10 17.15 2.31 2.31 3.20 3.20
15 21.34 2.77 2.77 3.73 3.73 4.78 7.47
20 26.67 2.87 2.87 3.91 3.91 5.56 7.82
25 33.40 3.38 3.38 4.55 4.55 6.35 9.09
32 42.16 3.56 3.56 4.85 4.85 6.35 9.70
40 48.26 3.68 3.68 5.08 5.08 7.14 10.16
50 60.33 3.91 3.91 5.54 5.54 8.74 11.07
65 73.03 5.16 5.16 7.01 7.01 9.53 14.02
80 88.90 5.49 5.49 7.62 7.62 11.13 15.24
90 101.60 5.74 5.74 8.08 8.08
100 114.30 6.02 6.02 8.56 8.56 11.13 13.49 17.12
125
150
141.30
168.28
6.55
7.11
6.55
7.11
9.53
10.97
9.53
10.97
12.70
14.27
O.D. STAYS CONSTANT
15.88
18.26
19.05
21.95
200 219.08 6.35 7.04 8.18 8.18 10.31 12.70 12.70 15.09 18.26 20.62
WHILE
23.01 22.23

I.D. VARIES
250 273.05 6.35 7.80 9.27 9.27 12.70 12.70 15.09 18.26 21.44 25.40 28.58 25.40
300 323.85 6.35 8.38 9.53 10.31 14.27 12.70 17.48 21.44 25.40 28.58 33.32 25.40
350 355.60 6.35 7.92 9.53 9.53 11.13 15.09 12.70 19.05 23.83 27.79 31.75 35.71
400 406.40 6.35 7.92 9.53 9.53 12.70 16.66 12.70 21.44 26.19 30.96 36.53 40.49
450 457.20 6.35 7.92 11.13 9.53 14.27 19.05 12.70 23.83 28.36 34.93 39.67 45.24
500 508.00 6.35 9.53 12.70 9.53 15.09 20.62 12.70 26.19 32.54 38.10 44.45 50.01
550 558.80 6.35 9.53 12.70 9.53 22.23 12.70 28.58 34.93 41.28 47.63 53.98
600 609.60 6.35 9.53 14.27 9.53 17.48 24.61 12.70 30.96 38.89 46.02 52.37 59.54
650 660.40 7.92 12.70 9.53 12.70
700 711.20 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 12.70
750 762.00 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 12.70
800 812.80 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 17.48 12.70
850 863.60 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 17.48 12.70
900 914.40 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 19.05 12.70
Taylor Forge & Pipe Fitting Chart
 Pipe End Facings
PIPE END PREPARATION
The end of a pipe is prepared differently according to what method will be used to join the pipe
and/or fittings together.
(1) A beveled end (BE) is used when the join will be made by welding.
(2) A threaded end (TE) is used when specifications call for screwed connections (sometimes
called threaded and coupled or T&C)
(3) A plain end (PE) is used with socket weld fittings which are then welded around the outside.
 Piping Plan

NOTE: Do not indicate buttwelds on straight random

lengths of pipe on drawings.
Piping Isometric
 Random Lengths

Random length of pipe is the length by which a

manufacturer will produce pipe for easy storage and
handling.

Single random length…….16’-0” to 22’-0”

Double random length………. 35’-0”
 Shop Fab & Field Fab
Shop fab :  Pipe and other components are put
together into shippable pieces, in a
shop setting.
Normally 3” and larger butt
welded material.
 Any special pipe. Ex: SS, monel,
etc., regardless of size.
Field fab :  Piping material that are assembled in
the field.
 Normally 2” and smaller, screwed
and/or socketweld carbon steel pipe.
 Field Welds
Field welds are shown where shop fab
iso’s are assembled in the field