Aeronautical/Airmen

Education
What is Aeronautics?
Aviation, or aeronautics, is a word with Greek roots that is formed
by combining the words for air(aero) and navigation(nautikē).
Aeronautics is the study of the science, design, and manufacture of
flying vehicles: vehicles in the air and vehicle flying through the air
to get to space. It includes engineering, aviation, aerodynamics,
rocketry, aeronautical science, navigation, technical flying skill, and
construction.
Tertiary Education in related to Aviation
• Aircraft Maintenance Technology
• Aviation Electronics Technology
• Aeronautical Engineering
• Air Transportation major in Advance Flying
• Aviation Communication major in Flight Operations
Aircraft Maintenance
Technology
The program aims to equip students with the necessary
knowledge and skills for the maintenance of the power
plant/airframe and its associated peripherals. To ensure
high reliability and safety, this course is designed to
prepare students for a career in the highly technical field
of aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul.
Graduates of this course are at present actively engaged
in the maintenance, repair and overhaul of these
commercial aircrafts, fabrication of aircraft parts,
supervision, operation of systems and advanced facilities
of modern aircraft both in the government and private
aviation enterprises, here and abroad.
Aviation Electronics
Technology
The program will prepare students to apply the principles,
processes, and practices of the avionics system and its
maintenance by providing knowledge and skills in the
technical foundations as an Avionics Technician.
The course covers the operation and maintenance of
aircraft instruments from an engineering point of view.
Present day aircrafts use computerized electronic airborne
equipment, highly sophisticated ground equipments have
likewise been installed in numerous modern airports, both
domestic and international.
Aeronautical Engineering
The program's goal is to produce competitive graduates who will
play key roles in the local and international aviation industries'
technological and socioeconomic development, particularly in the
areas of aircraft research, development, manufacturing,
maintenance, operation, and aviation education.
The Aeronautical Engineering curriculum strives to prepare students
for technological service and leadership and to make them
adaptable to a variety of challenges in the aviation industry.
Graduates of this profession are actively engaged in the work of
planning, design, structure analysis, construction and repair,
supervision, operation of systems and advanced facilities necessary
in the development of the industry. Graduates of this course are
presently employed in the Civil Airworthiness Authorities, Aircraft
Operators, Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Companies, and other
aviation agencies here and abroad.
Air Transportation major in
Advance Flying
The program aimed at producing private and commercial
pilots with specialized knowledge and understanding of
commercial flying aviation management principles, the
ability to work effectively in a multi-cultural and multi-
disciplinary environment, and the ability to engage in
lifelong learning to stay current in the developments
required for commercial flying practice.
Aviation Communication
major in Flight Operations
The program will prepare students to manage the safe,
efficient, and orderly flow of air and ground traffic.
Graduates should be able to analyze and apply appropriate
actions needed in air and ground traffic, create and prepare
flight plans that include scrutiny of the aircraft's weight and
balance, performance and limitations, and project the
weather in the given situation.
Approved Training Organization
an organization established to conduct aviation training courses as approved by
the Authority.
ICAO Annex 1 Personnel Licensing
Historical Background Standards and Recommended Practices for Personnel
Licensing were first adopted by the Council on 14 April 1948 pursuant to the
provisions of Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation
(Chicago 1944) and designated as Annex 1 to the Convention. They became
effective on 15 September 1948.
Application of the PEL Standards Annex 1 contains Standards and Recommended Practices
adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization as the minimum standards for
personnel licensing.
The Annex is applicable to all applicants for and, on renewal, to all holders of the licences and
ratings specified herein.
The Council has decided that, in principle, amendments affecting existing licensing
specifications are applicable to all applicants for, and holders of, licences but, in considering
their application to existing holders of licences, the assessment, if necessary, by re-
examination of the knowledge, experience and proficiency of individual licence holders is left
to the discretion of Contracting States.
 ICAO Annex 1
4.2
 LICENCES AND RATINGS FOR PERSONNEL OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREW
4.2 Aircraft maintenance (technician/engineer/mechanic
4.2.1 Requirements for the issue of the licence
4.2.1.2 Knowledge The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge
relevant to the privileges to be granted and appropriate to the responsibilities of an aircraft
maintenance licence holder, in at least the following subjects:
Air law and airworthiness requirements
a) rules and regulations relevant to an aircraft maintenance licence holder including applicable airworthiness
requirements governing certification and continuing airworthiness of aircraft and approved aircraft maintenance
organization and procedures; Natural science and aircraft general knowledge
b) basic mathematics; units of measurement; fundamental principles and theory of physics and chemistry applicable to
aircraft maintenance;
Aircraft engineering
c) characteristics and applications of the materials of aircraft construction including principles of construction and
functioning of aircraft structures, fastening techniques; engines and their associated systems; mechanical, fluid,
electrical and electronic power sources; aircraft instrument and display systems; aircraft control systems; and airborne
navigation and communication systems;
Aircraft maintenance
d) tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft including methods and procedures for the
overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modification or defect rectification of aircraft structures, components and
systems in accordance with the methods prescribed in the relevant Maintenance Manuals and the applicable
Standards of airworthiness; and
Human performance
e) human performance, including principles of threat and error management, relevant to aircraft maintenance.
Experience
The applicant shall have had the following experience in the inspection, servicing and maintenance of aircraft or its
components: a) for the issue of a licence with privileges for the aircraft in its entirety, at least: 1) four years; or 2)
two years if the applicant has satisfactorily completed an approved training course; and b) for the issue of a licence
with privileges restricted in accordance with 4.2.2.2 a) 2) or 3), a period of time that will enable a level of competency
equivalent to that required in a) to be attained, provided that this is not less than: 1) two years; or 2) such a period
as the State considers necessary to provide an equivalent level of practical experience to applicants who have
satisfactorily completed an approved training course.
Training
Recommendation.— The applicant should have completed a course of training appropriate to the privileges to be
granted.
Skill
The applicant shall have demonstrated the ability to perform those functions applicable to the privileges to be
granted.
Two type of Airmen license
 
a) Flight crew
• private pilot — aeroplane, airship, helicopter or powered-lift;
• commercial pilot — aeroplane, airship, helicopter or powered-lift;
• multi-crew pilot — aeroplane;
• airline transport pilot — aeroplane, helicopter or powered-lift
• glider pilot;
• free balloon pilot;
• flight navigator;
• flight engineer.
b) Other personnel —
• aircraft maintenance (technician/engineer/ mechanic);
• air traffic controller;
• flight operations officer/flight dispatcher;
• aeronautical station operator.
 
 CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS (CAR) PART 2
PERSONNEL LICENSING

CAR Part 2 addresses the licensing of personnel. Article 32 of the Chicago Convention requires
Republic of the Philippines to issue certificates of competency and licenses or validate such certificates
or licenses issued by other Contracting States to the pilot of every aircraft and to other members of
the operating crew of every aircraft engaged in international navigation.

The basis of this obligation is the goal of promoting and conducting safe and regular aircraft operations
through the development and implementation of internationally acceptable certification and licensing
processes. If the same process is extended to domestic operations, Republic of the Philippines can
ensure the overall safety of aircraft operation through unification of licensing requirements.

Part 2 of the Civil Aviation Regulations presents detailed requirements for the general rules of
licensing and detailed requirements for the certification of airmen, pilots, non-pilot flight crew
members, and airmen, such as mechanics, who are not flight crew
Part 2 also presents medical standards for the granting of licenses and certification, and for the
administration of medical examinations. The licensing and medical standards are based upon ICAO
Annex 1.
Part 2 prescribes:
(a) The requirements for issuing, renewal and re-issue of aviation personnel licenses, ratings,
Authorizations and certificates:
(b) the conditions under which those licenses, ratings, Authorizations and Certificates are necessary; and
(c) the privileges and limitations granted to the holders of those licenses, ratings, Authorizations and
certificates.
LICENSES
The following licenses are issued under this Part to an applicant who satisfactorily accomplishes the
requirements in this Part for the license sought:
(a) Pilot licenses:
(1) Private pilot license (PPL);
(2) Commercial pilot license (CPL);
(3) Airline Transport pilot license (ATPL);
(4) Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL);
(5) Glider pilot license; and
(6) Free balloon pilot license.
TRAINING AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS
APPROVED TRAINING
(a) The Authority may provide for some reduction in the experience
requirements for the issue of certain licenses and ratings prescribed in this Part
when training is conducted within an Approved Training Organization under
special curricula approved by the Authority.
(b) Approved training shall provide a level of competency at least equal to that
provided by the minimum experience requirements for personnel not receiving
such approved training.A
(c) CAR Part 3 prescribes the requirements for certifying and administering
Approved Training Organizations for conducting approved training.
(d) The approval of a training organization by the Authority shall be dependent
upon the applicant demonstrating compliance with the requirements of CAR
Part 3.
Training requirements for
Airside and Landside Employees
GENERAL RAMP SAFETY RULES
A. Operations personnel are acutely conscious of meeting schedules, hence,
the tendency to use undue haste during aircraft servicing operations at a
terminal ramp. Rapid, efficient work can be done safely, provided each
member of the team does his job and uses proper methods and equipment.
Any attempt to take shortcuts could result in delay, damage or injury. The
following ramp safety rules shall be used as guidelines while working at the
aircraft movement area.
B. Safety in aviation is a permanent requirement, in the air and on the
ground, “Safety First” is the rule. Ramp safety rules and procedures ensure
safe handling therefore, safety regulations should be understood and always
applied on the ramp.
GENERAL RULES
A. Always be aware of your surroundings. Each employee shall understand and know how to carry out his
particular function. If an employee is in doubt as to how to perform a particular function, the employee shall
be encouraged to apply the maxim: "Don't guess. Ask someone who knows."
B. A pre-planned method of working on each specific aircraft will prevent confusion, mishandlings and
unnecessary rushing, all of which could lead to accidents and injuries.
C. Rough or boisterous play is strictly not allowed; practical jokes may lead to injury or damage.
D. Aircraft and passengers / pedestrians shall always have the right-of-way.
E. Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety vest, safety shoes, safety gloves and ear
plugs.
F. Avoid wearing jewelry (such as rings and identification bracelets). Such objects may catch on hooks, nails,
buckles, locks, or straps and cause serious injury to fingers, hands, or arms.
G. No alcoholic drinks or any drugs, legal or illegal, that are likely to impair performance or judgment.
H. Keep the ramp area clear of foreign object debris (FOD).
I. Absolute “No Smoking” on the ramp.
J. Spillage of fluids and other materials at the ramp area are reported immediately to the airport authority.
K. Ground personnel are encouraged to submit reports to identify safety hazard, expose safety deficiencies
and raise safety concerns. Means for reporting are provided to ensure that appropriate actions are taken.
ACTIONS PRIOR TO ARRIVAL
A. Baggage/cargo should be stowed evenly, in carts/ULD container, with heavy pieces on the bottom
and on the center to ensure stability. Cart railings and curtains shall be secured to prevent
baggage/cargo from falling out.
B. Ensure that all safety equipment (buffers, fire extinguisher, PPE, chocks) are available and
serviceable.
C. All vehicles and ground equipment must be equipped with a serviceable fire extinguisher.
Likewise, ensure that ramp fire extinguishers are available and positioned on an area unobstructed
and accessible at all times. Unserviceable fire equipment must be reported immediately to a supervisor
and replaced immediately.
D. Ensure that all vehicles operated within 50 ft. of the aircraft shall be equipped with fire
extinguisher.
E. Ensure FOD check and removal of all debris are conducted.
F. Ensure the surface condition is sufficiently free of any debris to ensure safe aircraft movement.
G. Ensure the aircraft path and ramp are free of obstacle which the aircraft may strike or endanger
others due to jet blast effects.
H. Make sure that all Ground Support Equipment (GSE) is positioned well clear of the aircraft path.
I. Ensure marshalling staff is present.

 
 SOURCES:
• https://www.philsca.edu.ph/colleges/
• https://thebestschools.org/degrees/aviation-degree/
• https://www.iaa.ie/commercial-aviation/flight-training-2/approved
-training-organisation
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-aeronautics-definition-
history.html
• https://caap.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/PART-2-
Personnel-Licensing.pdf