BIOGAS ENERGY

NAME: VEENAPALLAVI
USN: 4NN20ME018
BRANCH: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 BIO GAS
Biogas a renewable fuel that's produced when organic matter, such as food or animal
waste, is broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen.
This process is called anaerobic digestion.
For this to take place, the waste material needs to be enclosed in an environment
where there is no oxygen.
Biogas is a mixture of methane, CO2 and small quantities of other gases produced by
anaerobic digestion of organic matter in an oxygen-free environment.
It is used in the production of electricity, methanol, and steam.
 BIOGAS ENERGY.
Biogas energy is an environmentally-friendly, renewable energy source produced
by the breakdown of organic matter such as food scraps and animal waste. 
After biogas is captured, it can produce heat and electricity for use in engines,
microturbines, and fuel cells.
Biogas can also be upgraded into biomethane, also called renewable natural gas or
RNG, and injected into natural gas pipelines or used as a vehicle fuel.
 Biogas converts the harmful methane gas produced during decomposition, into less harmful carbon
dioxide gas.
 The organic material decomposes only in a wet environment. The organic matter or the waste
dissolves in water and forms a sludge which is rich in nutrients and used as a fertilizer.
EXAMPLES OF BIOGAS ENERGY.
 BIOGAS PLANT.
 The biogas production is carried out in anaerobic digesters known as Biogas plant. These have five
components:
• An inlet to feed the slurry
• The fermentation chamber where the biogas is produced with the activity of microorganisms,
• The gas storage tank to store the gas produced,
• The outlet for the used slurry,
• The exit pipe for removing the gas produced.
 The organic matter if fed into the digesters which are completely submerged in water to provide it
with an anaerobic environment. These digesters are hence called anaerobic digesters. The
microorganisms breakdown the organic matter and convert it into biogas.
 The biogas thus produced is supplied to the respective places through the exit pipes.
BIOGAS PLANT.
 ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS ENERGY.
 Biogas is a green energy source in form of electricity and heat for the local grid.
 Considerable environmental advantages - less emission of the greenhouse gasses
methane, CO2 and nitrous oxide.
 Environmentally friendly recirculation of organic waste from industry and households.
 Less odour inconveniences when spreading slurry on the fields - fermented slurry
smells considerably less than normal slurry and the smell decreases faster.
 Plants absorb fermented slurry better, increasing the yield on the fields.
 Protection of subsoil water - improved nitrogen exploitation reduces leaching and
thereby drinking water contamination.
 Reduced costs for artifical fertilizer.
 DISADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS ENERGY
Not efficient enough on a large scale.
Contains impurities.
Unstable and hazardous.
When methane comes in contact with oxygen, it reacts violently to produce carbon
dioxide. 
It contains many impurities that are difficult to control even after purification
rounds.
• Biogas when compressed, to be used as fuel, proves to be highly corrosive to the
container.
 APPLICATIONS OF BIOGAS ENERGY.
It is commonly used in:
rural areas as cooking gas.
It can be used for the production of electricity. 
It can be used in instruments used for water heating, space (room) heating etc.
It can replace compressed natural gas for use in vehicles. 
It can displace carbon dioxide in on-site CHP plants. 
It is being used in transport. For example, ‘Amanda Biogas Train’ runs on biogas in Sweden.
Production of biogas produced a very useful dry solid byproduct which is used as manure. 
It is used in many states for street lighting purposes. 
It can be used in hydrogen fuel cells as well.