ROCKS AND MINERALS

RESOURCES
P R E PA I R E D BY: G RO U P 3
 What is Rock?

 Rocks are made up of

ONE or more MINERALS
 Rocks may be composed
of only one kind of
mineral

There are 3 types of Rocks

 IGNEOUS ROCKS

o Igneous rocks form once magma

cools as they crystallized from a
liquid called molten rock.

o Two types of Igneous rocks:

Intrusive
‣ form when magma cools inside
‣ cool of slowly
‣ coarse in texture

Extrusive
‣ made when magma cools outside of
the volcano
‣ has fine grains and hardly any
crystals
‣ cools very quickly
 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

o Rocks breaking down by

weathering or erosion
 WEATHERING

The process that takes place as rocks, are

broken down into smaller pieces. Limestone is used to make
Weathering can be cause water, air,
cement
chemicals, plants, or even animals.
 EROSION

Transportation of Weathered rocks from

one place to another.
o Compacted and cemented with
sediments such as sand, silt, clay
or other bits of rock
Coal is used in generating
electricity
METAMORPHIC ROCKS

 Metamorphic rocks are formed by the effect of heat and pressure

Metamorphic rocks are used for building

materials in art work beautiful statues
and vases are often made of marble
 What is Mineral?
 is an organic ,natural occurring which means it is not a living thing nor it is man made
(minerals are solid that has a definite chemical composition and atomic structures )

 Mineral are also found in rocks. That they appear like a grains set firmly in a bed of rock.

 Some color of them are dark and the others are light color.]
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
MINERALS
Color- is sometimes useful for example in the case of sulfur which is a very distinctive yellow however keep in
mind that minerals come in variety of color

Hardness- Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to scratching. It is a property by which minerals may be
described relative to a standard scale of 10 minerals known as the Mohs scale of hardness.

Luster- is the property of minerals that shows how much or how well the mineral reflects light. Non-metallic, or
sub-metallic luster includes waxy, pearly, silky, vitreous, greasy, resinous, dull, and adamantine.

Streak- the color of a mineral in its powdered form. It is usually obtained by rubbing the mineral on a hard, white
surface, such as a tile of unglazed porcelain, so as to yield a line, or streak, of fine powder

cleavage/fracture- If the crystal splits cleanly and smoothly along a flat plane the break is called cleavage. If the
break does not show flat planes, we simply call it fracture.
TYPES OF MINERAL RESOURCES
Fuel minerals are
FUEL MINERALS
fossil fuels such as
METALIC MINERALS coal and petroleum
NON-METALIC MINERALS
Coal petroleum

Examples of Metallic minerals Example of non-metallic minerals

Gold Silver Limestone Granite