GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE GANGAVATHI-583227

Visvesvaraya Technological University

EEC Assignment Presentation on

Estimating Electrical Loads For Residential and

Commercial Buildings

Under the Guidence of

Mrs.Pooja M Presented By
Assistance professor,Department of EEE Dundappa S Burji 3NG19EE002
GEC Gangavathi
Customer's Connected Load & Electric
Utility's Demand
• Customers provide the utility company with connected load based on the
National Electric Code requirements.
• This means everything is turned on and running at instantaneouspeak
loading. The code may even require them to add safety factorsthat increase
the load over 100%.
• The electric utility company will determine the diversified demand load
based on the customer's total connected load information. The utility
company does not have to use the NEC requirements for sizing its facilities.
• The customer, electrician and engineer will try to get you to match their
connected load for sizing transformers and services, but don't let them.
Demand load will typically range from 25% to 75% of their total connected
load.
Electric Load Estimating

• Electric Load Estimating

• One of the most important responsibilities of the Utility Project
Manager is to accurately prepare a commercial or industrial load
estimate for service to the customer. This load estimate influences the
design & installation cost of the electric utility facilities. It becomes a
factor in determining the cost to the customer for electric service.
Demand Meters
• For all commercial and industrial customers the demand is metered
to be the highest average demand in any 15 minute period during
each billing cycle month.
• Average is the key word here. It is not the maximum KW during the
15 minute period!
• The meters reset the demand to zero every 15 minutes, keeping only
the highest.
Demand Factor
• How does the load data from the customer get estimated into
metered demand? This is done by using a term called demand factor.
• Demand factor is the ratio of the peak demand kW of a system or load
to the total connected kW of a system or load. It can be written as
follows:
• Demand Factor [D.F.]= peak demand kW [metered] total connected kw
• If you are calculating the peak metered demand, the equation may be
rewritten as follows:
• Peak demand kW [metered] = total connected kW X D.F.
OBTAINING LOAD INFORMATION
• To calculate the peak meter demand of a load you must know the
total connected kW and the demand factor.
• It is the responsibility of the customer to provide you with proper
connected electrical load data, not the main disconnect size, panel
size, or service amps.
• The customer should provide connected KW information for each
piece of equipment as well as phase and voltage.
• This information can be obtained by having the customer complete
your Customer Load Requirements Form or by obtaining a copy of the
electrical and mechanical plans of the project.
Motor Loads
• Motor horsepower [hp] - For motor loads, hp is the common way for
the customer to indicate connected load.For large motors requiring a
motor start calculation you also need to secure the starting code of
the motor. To convert this information into the desired KW, the
following equation is used.
• connected kW = connected hp X .75
• This is derived from the fact that there are 746 watts/hp. So, there
is .746kW/hp and it is simply rounded off to .75
• Since this is just for estimating purposes, motor efficiency is not taken
into consideration.
Air Conditioning Load
• Air conditioning - to properly determine air conditioning connected
KW the Energy Efficiency Rating [EER] of the air conditioning unit and
the rated tonnage of the unit must be known.
• Equation connected kW = tons X 12EER
• This equation is derived from the fact that: EER is in units of
BTUH/wattkW = watts10001 ton=12,000 BTUH
• This equation calculates connected load. Then, a demand factor is
utilized to reduce it to the demand load.
Demand and Diversity Factors
• Once you have secured proper load information from the customer
you can determine the connected kW for each load.
• After the connected kW is determined, the peak metered demand
may be calculated if the demand factor is known.
• To determine the appropriate demand factor for a connected load the
Demand Interval Factor and the Diversity Factor need to be
determined.
Diversity Factor
• The diversity factor is defined as the probability that a load will be operating
during the period when the demand meter records the high peak demand.
• Typically we use a diversity factor of 100% if the load is expected to operate
during the peak period and 0% if the load is expected to operate only outside the
peak period (Off-Peak Load).
• For two or more loads of the same type, the diversity factor will reflect the
probability that these same types of loads will all operate during the peak period.
The range of diversity factors for these same type of loads could be anywhere from
0% to 100%.
• For example the probability that all the receptacle outlets in a building will all be
used during the peak period is fairly low and is typically given a diversity factor of
10%.
Connected KW Vs Demand KW
Typical Demand Factors
Watts Per Square Foot
• Sometimes a situation exists in which obtaining accurate load data is
not possible.
• An example of this situation is a strip shopping center where the
developer does not know what type of tenants will lease the spaces.
• Table 1 lists the watts/sq. ft. estimates for situations where the load is
not available such as speculative lease spaces.
• This table can also be used as a comparison tool to validate your
calculated demand load.
Watts Per Square Foot Example
Do You Know Jack?
• Another way to check your Demand KW estimate is by comparing it to
an existing facility on your distribution system.
• You are probably not serving the first "Jack in the Box" restaurant on
your electric distribution system.
• If you are serving a customer that has other existing facilities located
on the distribution system - check your meter information system for
the Demand KW of the existing locations.
THANK YOU