Organizational Behavior

& Development

By Tekalign Gidi (PhD)

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 Course Description
This course has a dual focus: (1) leadership; and (2) managing
organizations.
The purpose is to increase students’ understanding of behavior
within organizations, and to improve their effectiveness in
analyzing, diagnosing, and leading organizations.
As a course in applied behavioral science or organizational
theory, students will be building upon their understanding of
how managers in organizations can improve performance and
how leaders can become the instrument of fair process and
justice.
The course can become an opportunity for students to develop
their leadership skills through group work and reflection.

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 Chapter One
Introduction to Organizational Behavior
What is Organizational Behavior?
Reasons to Study Organizational Behavior
Disciplines that Contribute to the OB Field
Challenges and Opportunities for OB
Developing an OB Model
Evolution of OB Thoughts and Paradigms
Global Dimensions of Organizational
Behavior
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 Chapter Two
Diversity in Organizations
Introduction

Levels of Diversity

Implementing Diversity Management Strategies

Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse

Employees

Diversity in Groups

Effective Diversity Programs

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 Chapter Three:
Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Introduction

Attitudes

Job Satisfaction

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 Chapter Four
Personality and Values
Introduction
Personality
What is personality?
Personality models
Values
 The Importance of Values
 Terminal versus Instrumental Values
 Generational Values
Linking an Individual’s Personality and Values to
the Workplace
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 Chapter Five
Perception

What Is Perception?

Factors That Influence Perception

Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others

The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision

Making

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 Chapter Six
Motivation
Defining Motivation

Theories of Motivation
o Early Theories of Motivation

o Contemporary Theories of Motivation

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

 Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model
 Employee Involvement and Motivation Theories

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 Chapter Seven:
Foundations of Group Behavior and Team Work

Defining and Classifying Groups

Why Do People Form Groups?

Stages of Group Development

Understanding Work Teams

o Why Have Teams Become So Popular?

o Types of Teams

Differences Between Groups and Teams

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 Chapter Eight:
Leadership and Change management
Leadership
o What Is Leadership?
o Theories of Leadership and
o Leadership Styles

Change management
o What is Change management?
o Resistances of Change

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 Chapter Nine:
Organizational Culture

9.1. What Is Organizational Culture?

9.2. Creating an Ethical Organizational Culture
9.2.1. Creating a Positive Organizational Culture
9.3. Spirituality and Organizational Culture
9.3.1What Is Spirituality?
9.3.2 Why Spirituality Now?
9.3.3. Characteristics of a Spiritual Organization
9.3.4. Achieving a Spiritual Organization
9.3.5. Criticisms of Spirituality

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MODE OF TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESES
A combination of the following major methods of

delivery will be used for each course of the MBA

Program:
 Lecture

 Individual & or group Assignment /projects / term

papers,
 Class presentation and discussion by students.

 Case analysis

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 Text Book
Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge: Kindle Store. (2005).
Organizational Behavior 7th ed. Pearson

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About Stephen P. Robbins

Stephen P. Robbins Ph.D. University of Arizona

Stephen P. Robbins is professor emeritus of management at San Diego
State University and the world’s best-selling textbook author in the areas
of both management and organizational behavior.
His books are used at more than a thousand U.S. colleges and universities,
have been translated into 19 languages, and have adapted editions for
Canada, Australia, South Africa, and India.
Dr. Robbins is also the author of the bestselling books The Truth About
Managing People, 2nd ed. (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2008) and
Decide & Conquer (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2004).
In his “other life,” Dr. Robbins actively participates in masters’ track
competitions. Since turning 50 in 1993, he’s won 18 national
championships; 12 world titles; and set numerous U.S.
In 2005, Dr. Robbins was elected into the USA Masters’ Track & Field
Hall of Fame
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 References
 Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge, 2013, Organizational Behavior,
15th Edition, San Diego State University —University of Notre Dame
 Stephen R. Robins, 1996, Organizational Behavior, Concepts,
Controversies and applications, 7th Edition.
 Greenberg, J. (2004). Managing behavior in organizations, 4thed.Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
 Koontz, H. and Welrich, H,1995; Management, Mc Graw Hill,
 Luthans, F. Organizational Behaviour,1995, McGraw Hill,
 Robbins, Stephen P, 1996, Management, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall
Inc,
 Robbins, Stephen P, 2002, Organizational Behaviour; Sultan Chand &
Sons, New Delhi.
 Gregory Moorhead and Ricky W Griffin; 2000, Organizational Behavior –
Managing People and Organizations, Jaico Pub. Ouse, Bombay,
 Stoner, J. et. Al. 2000, Management, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India
 Prasad, LM; 2002, Organizational Behaviour; Sultan Chand & Sons, New
Delhi
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Evaluation Scheme
Students performance assessment schemes:
 Term Paper…………….20
 Article Review………..15
 Case Analysis …………15
 Final Exam………………50
Total -----------------------100

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 Some Stimulant Quotes

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……Stimulant Quotes

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……Stimulant Quotes
“If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn
more, do more and become more, you are a leader.”
(John Quincy Adams)

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 Active Learning

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 Journey
As a manager, describe the most frequent or
troublesome problems that you are facing in your
organizations

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the answers may mostly be
 the answers you get tend to exhibit a common theme.
 about their bosses’ poor communication skills,
 employees’ resistance to a company reorganization, and
similar concerns.
 Structural and bureaucratic problems

 It may surprise you to learn that….OB

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 Unit One
Introduction to OBD

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 Organization
What is organization?

 Write down at least two definitions of organization

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 What is an organization?
 An organization is made up of a group of people, who work
together for common goals.
 An organization is a collection of people who work
together to achieve individual and organizational goals.

 The organization is a complex social system and is the sum

of many interrelated variables.

 An Organization is the place where the manager practices

the art of management.
Eg. business units, universities, Schools, hospitals, churches,
military units, retail stores, police departments, volunteer org
Etc.
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 …..What is an organization?
A consciously coordinated social unit composed of
two or more people that functions on a relatively
continuous basis to achieve a common goal.

Or

A collection of people working together to achieve

a common purpose, with that purpose being to
produce goods and /or services that satisfy the
needs of the customers.

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 The context of organization
 Organizations exist in order to achieve
objectives and to provide satisfaction for
their members.

 Organizations enable objectives to be achieved

that could not be achieved by the efforts of
individuals on their own.

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 Features of organization
Organizations are characterized as being:

i. Purposive/goals: common objectives to

accomplish task

ii. Peopled :- cooperative efforts

iii. Structured:-hierarchal, rules & regulations,

communication

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Organization is the amalgamation of goals, structure and people

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 ….Organization
Organization refers to an entity with a distinct purpose,
includes people or members, and has a systematic
structure…..three things from this definition
 First, each orgn has a distinct purpose express in
terms of goals or set of goals.
 Second, Each orgn composed of people…
 Third, structure…Structure defines and limits the
behavior of its members. Rules and regulations,
authority, duties and responsibilities.

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Organizational components that need to be managed

What are these components?

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 ….components Cont’d
a. People

• People are the main component of any organization that has to be

managed.
• Every individual has a personal goal to be achieved.

• Organizations must identify the need spectrum/range of

individuals and take suitable steps for its fulfillment to enable
them to perform effectively so that they complete their allotted
task in time.

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 ….components Cont’d
b. Work teams and Groups play a vital role in the
organization
o Relationship between the workers, with subordinates and

superiors should be established based on full understanding

and complete faith based on mutual trust so that it is easy to
communicate and understand each other’s views.

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 ….components Cont’d
C. Internal and External environment

Structure
Technology
Jobs Internal environments
Processes
Strategy

Economic Condition
Political Condition
Social Condition External environments
Cultural Pattern
Competitive Level

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 Types of Organizations
Service Organization (e.g., charities, public schools,
park, zoo, road, etc.).
Economic Organization (e.g., co-operations,
proprietorships, partnerships, etc.).
Religious Organization (e.g., Churches).

Protective Organization (e.g., police, military, fire

department, etc.).

Social Organization (e.g., clubs, teams, etc)

Government Organization (e.g., Federal & Regional

States, cities, courts, etc.).
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 Management
What is Management?

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 History of the Term ‘Management’
 The verb manage comes from:
o The Italian word ‘maneggiare’ (to handle —
especially tools), which in turn derives from the
Latin Wor ‘manus’ (hand).

o The French word ‘mesnagement’ (later

ménagement) influenced the development in
meaning of the English word management in the
17th and 18th centuries.

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 Definitions of Management
 Management has been viewed by scholars as:

 A Process,

 A Discipline,

 A Human Activity and

 A Career

 Management has also been viewed as a system of

 inputs (resources and factors of production),
 processes (managerial tasks and activities), and
 outputs (products and/or services)

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 …………Definitions of Management
Management as a Process

Management is a process involving certain functions and

activities that managers perform.
Management as a Discipline
Management as a discipline implies that it is body of
knowledge (principles, concepts, and theories) that can be
learned and practiced.
Management as a Human Activity
 People are an org’s most important ASSET;
 Orgs require mutually satisfying partnership b/n
management and the HR they manage.
Management as a Career
Managers associated with sequence of work related
experiences over the span of their lives
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 ……Defining Mgmt

Management F.W. Taylor, known as the father of scientific

management, has opined that
“Management is an art of knowing what is to be done and seeing
that it is done in the best possible manner”.

Henri Fayol, father of 14 principles, has put forth an

appropriate definition.
“Management is to forecast, to plan, to organize, to command, to
coordinate and control activities of others.”
 
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Behavior
Behavior is The actions or reactions of persons or things

in response to external or internal stimuli.

Therefore, OB is

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What is Organizational Behavior?

Organization Behavior (OB): the study of factors that

have an impact on how people and groups act, think, feel,
and respond to work and organizations, and how
organizations respond to their environments.

Organizational behavior is a study and application of

managerial skills and knowledge to people in the
organization to investigate individual and group behavior

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 ………. What is Organizational Behavior

Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates

the impact that individuals, groups and organizational

structure have on behavior within the organization, for the
purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an

organizational effectiveness.

 The above definition has three main elements;

 First, OB is an investigative study of individuals and groups,

 Second, the impact of organizational structure on human behavior
 Third, the application of knowledge to achieve organ. effectiveness.

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 ………. What is OB?
Organizational Behavior (OB) is so important matter for
an organization to operate their business.
Every organization’s ultimate target is to maximize profit
by satisfying customers need, want and demand
successfully.
If any organization wants to do business for long time
they must have to organize their business organization to
compete in a high competitive global market.
That's why the management of any organization is very
sincere to operate their employees in a dynamic way

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 ………. What is OB?

Insert Figure 1.1 here

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 Levels of OB Analysis
Organizational Level

Group Level
Individual
Level

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Basic OB Model, Stage II

E X H I B I T 1–8

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 Concepts
Organizational Behavior is defined as:
The systematic study of the nature of organizations:
how they begin, grow, and develop, and their
effect on individual members, constituent groups,
other organizations and large institutions (Joe Kelly).

A field of study that investigates the impact that

individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior
within organizations for the purpose of applying
such knowledge towards improving an organization’s
effectiveness (Robbins).

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 Concepts Cont’d ...
On the basis of the definitions, the following conclusion can
be drawn regarding the nature of OB:
 Interdisciplinary Approach
 Behavioral Approach to Management
 Concern with Environment
 Scientific Method
 Contingency Approach
 A Systems Approach
 Value Centered
 Utilizes two Kinds of Logic: Objectivity & Subjectivity

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Major Characteristics of OB

Interdisciplinary. Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary orientation that

integrates behavioral sciences in understanding behavior and performance. It draws

heavily on knowledge about behavior generated in the social sciences of psychology,

sociology, and anthropology.

Behavioral Science Foundation. The behavioral sciences—psychology, sociology and

anthropology have provided the basic philosophy, characteristics of science, and

principles that are so freely borrowed by the field of organizational behavior. The social

sciences of economics, political science, and history have had a secondary impact on the

field.

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Major Characteristics of OB
Contingency Orientation. The term contingency orientation reflects the
need to consider the situation and individuals involved before drawing
conclusions about behavior. The OB field has no universally applicable set
of prescriptions for managers.

Three Levels of Analysis. The OB is unique in its approach to behavior

because it encompasses three levels of analysis, individual, group, and
formal organization. In addition, all three levels are treated with equal
importance and needs to be scientifically studied.

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 ….Characteristics of OB Cont’d
Scientific Method Foundation. OB had inherited the tradition of scientific
method in its investigations from its parent disciplines. The scientific methods
emphasize the use of logic and theory in formulating research questions and
the systematic use of objective data in answering such questions.

Concern for Application. The OB researcher must always be concerned with

understanding real events in actual organizations and with communicating
results in a meaningful fashion to practicing managers.

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Contributing Fields to Organizational Behavior
Organizational behavior began to emerge as a mature field of
study in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Contemporary organizational behavior has an interdisciplinary
focus, drawing from fields such as ;
 Psychology
 Sociology
 Political science
 Social psychology
 Anthropology
 Economics study
 Engineering
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Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field
Psychology
Unit of analysis = Individual
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the
behavior of humans and other animals.

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 ………..Contributing Field (cont’d)
Sociology
The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

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 ………..Contributing Field (cont’d)
Social Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology
and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one
another.

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 ………..Contributing Field (cont’d)
Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and their
activities.

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 ………..Contributing Field (cont’d)
Political Science
The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a
political environment.

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 Therefore,
Their model contribution to Toward
an OB Discipline looks as follows

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 Toward an OB Discipline

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 Needs for Study of OB
It helps an individual understand oneself. It is a study of
the actions & attitudes that people exhibit within
organization.
It helps managers in getting the work done through
effective ways.
It emphasizes the interaction and relations between the
organization and individual behavior.
It helps to develop work-related behavior & job satisfaction.
It helps in building motivating climate.
It helps in building cordial industrial relations.
It implies effective management of human resource

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 Skills & Values in OB
OB contributes for development of the following
skills & values:
Self development & personality development
Creating effective organizational culture
Development of human values & ethical perspective
Managing stress & creative use of emotions
Creating learning individual & learning organization
Managing creativity, change & innovation
Motivation, morale & job satisfaction
Effective communication
Team building
Leadership
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 Challenges for Organizational Behavior
The Changing Social & Cultural
Environment
The Evolving Global Environment

Advancing Information Technology

Shifting Work & Employment

Relationship

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The Development of OB Thought

Individual Assignment One

1. Clearly discuss the evolution and development of OB

2. Discourse OB’s relationship with management
theories and

3. OB’s great contributors role in developing the

discipline

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