GUM DISEASE

Katia sandy ghazawe

Supervisor’s name: mohammad shalabi
 Gum(Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease)disease is an inflammatory
disease that affects the hard and soft structures that support the
.teeth
Gum disease begins with bacterial growth in your mouth and may end if not
properly treated with tooth loss due to destruction of the tissue that
.surrounds your teeth
 Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy,.1
puberty, menopause, and monthly menstruation, make gums more
.sensitive, which makes it easier for gingivitis to develop
Illnesses may affect the condition of your gums. This includes.2
diseases such as cancer or HIV that interfere with the immune
.system

Causes Medications such as the anticonvulsant medication, can cause .3

.abnormal growth of gum tissue
Bad habits such as smoking make it harder for gum tissue to.4
.repair itself
Poor oral hygiene habits such as not brushing and flossing on a.5
.daily basis, make it easier for gingivitis to develop
Family history of dental disease can be a contributing factor for.6
.the development of gingivitis
 .Bad breath that won’t go away.1
.Red or swollen gums.2
.Tender or bleeding gums.3

Symptoms .Painful chewing.4

.Loose teeth.5
.Sensitive teeth.6
.Receding gums or longer appearing teeth.7
.might even recommend that you get your teeth extracted*
 :There are two main  stages of gum disease
Gingivitis: this is the earliest stage of gum disease. It is, an.1
inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup at the gum line.
If daily brushing and flossing do not remove the plaque, it produces
.toxins that can irritate the gum tissue, causing gingivitis
Periodontitis: at this stage, the supporting bone and fibres that .2
Stages of hold your teeth in place are irreversibly damaged. Your gums may
begin to form a pocket below the gumline, which traps food and

gum disease .plaque

Periodontitis Stage 1: Initial
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can advance to Stage 1 Periodontitis. 
.This is when the inflammation in the gums becomes destructive
Periodontitis - Stage 2: Moderate
Without treatment for initial periodontitis, the condition will
.progress to Stage 2 - Moderate Periodontitis
The main difference between initial and moderate periodontitis is
the amount of damage to the ligaments or joints between the root of
.the tooth and its socket
Periodontitis - Stage 3: Severe (with potential for tooth loss)
If the gum disease has reached this stage, the patient still unlikely to
experience pain. However, might notice bad breath, a bad taste, and
notice that the teeth look longer because the gum will have receded.
.also may notice that the teeth becoming move or loose
Periodontitis - Stage 4: Severe (with potential for the loss of all
.teeth)
By the time Stage 4 is reached, people are often already missing
several teeth, and the ones that remain are often loose. Because the
teeth don’t have enough gum or bone supporting them, they may
not be strong enough to support the force of your bite when you try
.to chew
 It is important to understand that removing the teeth will not
Tooth actually treat or cure your gum disease. However, extractions can be
an important part of your overall treatment plan to get your oral

Extractions .health
It might be necessary to remove the teeth if the gum disease has
for Gum seriously damaged the tissue around them. In such cases, the bone
that supports the teeth, as well as the gums, may shrink to the point
Disease .where your teeth become loose

If any tooth has stage 4 periodontal disease, we recommend*

 .extraction as the only
 :Non-surgical Treatments for Gum Disease
.Professional dental cleaning.1

Treatments .Scaling and root planning.2

:Surgical Treatments for Gum Disease
for Gum Flap surgery/pocket reduction surgery: During this procedure the.1
Disease .gums are lifted back and the tartar is removed
Bone surgery: Smoothes shallow craters in the bone due to.2
moderate and advanced bone loss Following flap surgery, the bone
around the tooth is reshaped to decrease the craters. This makes it
.harder for bacteria to collect and grow
Guided tissue regeneration: Performed when the bone supporting.3
your teeth has been destroyed, this procedure stimulates bone and
.gum tissue growth
Also the patient can use antibiotic to reduce or temporarily
:eliminate the bacteria
Chlorhexidine: is an antimicrobial used to control plaque
and gingivitis in the mouth or in periodontal pockets.
The medication is available as a mouth rinse or as a gelatin-
filled chip that is placed in pockets after root planing and
.releases the medication slowly over about 7 days
 Several studies have shown a link between periodontal disease and
:other systemic diseases

Gum Disease
Diabetes: People with diabetes are more likely to have periodontal
and Other disease than people without diabetes, probably because people with
Systemic .diabetes are more susceptible to contracting infections
Respiratory Disease: Research has found that bacteria associated
Diseases with periodontal disease can be aspirated into the lungs and
.contribute to respiratory diseases such as pneumonia
Cancer: Researchers found that men with gum disease were 49%
more likely to develop kidney cancer, 54% more likely to develop
.pancreatic cancer, and 30% more likely to develop blood cancers