Chemical Reactions and

Chemical Equation
What is Chemical Reaction?
Is a process at least one substance is
produced as a result of chemical change.
The substances that enter into a chemical
reaction are called reactants while the
substances formed from this reaction are
called the products.
Chemical Equation
A symbolic representation of a chemical
reaction in the form of symbols and formula.

ex: 2C(S) + O(g)  2CO(g)

Word Equation:

Carbon (C) reacts with insufficient oxygen

(O2) forming carbon monoxide (CO)

Chemical Equation:

2C(s) + O2(g)  2CO(g)

 Rules and Notation in Writing
1. The chemical formulas on the left of the
Chemical Equations:
arrow () represents the starting substances
called REACTANTS while the substances
produces in the reaction are called
PRODCUTS which are shown on the right of
the arrow.

2. The plus sign means “react with” while the

arrow sign means “produces, yields or form”
3. The Law of Conservation of Mass holds true
for a chemical equation. This is done by
balancing the equation by using the
COEFFICIENTS, the numbers written in front
of the formulas.

4. The physical state of each chemical/substance

in a chemical equation is often indicated in
parenthesis.

5. The conditions under which the reaction

proceeds appear above the arrow between the
two sides of the equation.
 TYPES OF CHEMICAL
Combination or Synthesis Reaction –
REACTIONS
the combination of two or more
substances to form a compound.
A + B  AB
Example:
Na(s)+ Cl2(g)  NaCl(s)
Mg(s) + O(2)  2MgO(s)
(Magnesium Oxide)

P(s) + Cl(g)  PCl3(g)

(Phosphorus Trichloride)
 Decomposition
Decomposition ReactionReaction
– a compound
breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances
AB  A + B

Example:
CaCo3  CaO + CO2
Calcium Carbonate Calcium Oxide Carbon Dioxide
 KClO3  KCL + O2
Potassium Chlorate Potassium Chloride Oxygen

Ag2S  Ag + S8
Silver Sulfite Silver Sulfur

HgO  Hg + O2
Mercuric Oxide Mercury Oxygen
Single Replacement
SINGLE Reaction - one
REPLACEMENT element
REACTION
replaces another in a compound.
 A more active element is required to
substitute a less active element.
A + BC  AC + BD

 Example:
Fe + CuSO4  FeSO4 + Cu
S + CO2  CS2 + CO

Cl2 + NaBr  NaCl + Br2

Ag + H2S  Ag2S + H2
 DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT
Double Replacement Reaction
REACTION
- ions in two compounds changes partners.

AB + CD  AD +CB

Example:
KOH + CO2  K2CO3 + H2O
FeCl3 +NaOH  Fe(OH)3 + NaCl

Al + H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + H2

RbNO3 + BeF2  Be(NO3)2 + RbF

Combustion Reaction – the burning of
substances in O2 to produce heat.

Example:
CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O
C2H4O2 + O2  CO2 + H2O

C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O

Balancing a Chemical Equation
1. Write the unbalanced equation
2. Count atoms on each side
3. Add coefficient to make numbers equal
coefficient x subscript = # of atoms
4. Reduce coefficient to lowest term
possible ratio
5. Double check if balance
Quiz: On a 1 whole sheet of paper, identify the following types of reaction. Write C for
Combination , D for Decomposition , SR for Single Replacement, DR for Double Replacement
and CB for Combustion. (copy and answer)
ASSIGNMENT: Write yours answers on a 1
whole sheet of paper
Direction: Summarize your understanding
about chemical equation and chemical
reaction by writing a sentence using each
letter of the concept. Write it on a SHORT
COUPON bond, use also coloring materials.
C- R-
H- E-
E- A-
M- C-
I- T-
C- I-
A- O-
L- N-