CHEMICAL REACTIONS

The process by which one or more substances

are changed into one or more different
substances
Word Equations
To write a word equation,
1. Write the names of the reactants to the left of the
arrow separated by plus signs;
2. Write the names of the products to the right of the
arrow, also separated by plus signs.

Reactant + Reactant  Product + Product

EXAMPLE
Methane + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide +
Water
EXAMPLE 2
Iron + Oxygen  Iron(III) Oxide
EXAMPLE 3
Hydrogen Peroxide  Water and Oxygen
Skeleton Equations
Write the formulas of the reactants to the left of the
yields sign (arrow) and the formulas of the products to
the right.

A skeleton equation is a chemical equation that does

not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and
products.
 Here is the equation for rusting:
 Fe + O2  Fe2O3
Formula Writing Practice WS
 Catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the reaction
but is not used up in the reaction
Without catalyst With Catalyst
Important Symbols
 Balancing Chemical Equations
 To write a balanced chemical equation,
1. Write the skeleton equation
2. Use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the
law of conservation of mass.
 Remember you want the same number of atoms of each
element on each side of the equation.
Example
Example 2
Example 3 -- Try on your own!!!
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in
which sodium hydroxide and calcium bromide react to
produce solid calcium hydroxide and sodium bromide.
(The reaction occurs in water.)
NaOH(aq)+CaBr2(aq) Ca(OH)2(s)+NaBr(aq)

2NaOH(aq)+CaBr2(aq) Ca(OH)2(s)+2NaBr(aq)
Summary
Warm Up!!
_____NaClO3 →____ NaCl + __O2
 Chemical Equations from Names
 Magnesium and Hydrogen Chloride produce Hydrogen and Magnesium
Chloride

 Calcium Hydroxide and Lithium Chloride produce Lithium Hydroxide

and Calcium Chloride

 Decompose Copper (II) oxide into Copper and Oxygen

 Aluminum and Iron (III) oxide produce iron and aluminum oxide

 combustion of Butane (C H ) in air to produce carbon dioxide and

4 10
water
Warm Up
___AgNO3 + __Ni  __Ni(NO3)2 + __Ag
The Five Types of Reactions
Chemistry with

Synthesis Reactions

A + B  AB
 1. Synthesis Reactions
(Combination)
Two or more reactants
produce one product
Examples:
NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl

H2 + O2  H2O

Ag + S  Ag2S

Al + Cl2  AlCl3
Chemistry with

Decomposition Reactions

AB  A + B
 2. Decomposition
One reactant produces two
or more products
Examples
Ag2O Ag + O2

PCl5  PCl3 + Cl2

H2O2 H2O + O2

CuO Cu + O2
Chemistry with

Single Replacement

AB + C  AC + B
 3. Single Replacement
One element replaces another
element
Must consult the activity series
3. Single Replacement
 One element and one
compound producing a
different element and
compound
 Examples
Fe + H3(PO4)  H2 + Fe3(PO4)2

H2 + CuO  Cu + H2O

Zn + HCl  H2 + ZnCl2

Cl2 + KBr  Br2 + KCl

Chemistry with

Double Replacement

AB + CD  AD + CB
4. Double Replacement
A double-replacement reaction is a
chemical change involving an
exchange of positive ions between
two compounds.
 Examples:
Al(NO3)3 + NaOH  Al(OH)3
+ NaNO3

PbCl2 + Li2SO4  PbSO4 +

LiCl

ZnBr2 + AgNO3  Zn(NO3)2

+ AgBr
BaCl2 + KIO3  Ba(IO3)2 +
KCl
4. Double replacement
Three main products of a double replacement reaction
Precipitate (solubility table)
Water
Gas
5. Combustion
A combustion reaction
Chemical change
Element or a compound reacts with oxygen
Producing energy in the form of heat and light
5. Combustion
A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon
dioxide and water
Examples:
CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O

C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O