Solution Concentration

Review

A solution is a homogeneous mixture.

The solvent is the major component of the
solution.
The solute is the minor component and
active ingredient.
A saturated solution holds the maximum
amount of solute that is theoretically
possible for a given temperature.
How would you describe this picture?
Solution Concentration

Is one glass of tea stronger than the other?

– What’s true about the “stronger” glass of tea?
– How much tea does it have in it compared to
the other glass?
Solution Concentration

Concentration – a ratio comparing the

amount of solute to the amount of solution.
Many ways of expressing concentration:
– Molarity (M) is the one we will be dealing
with
Concentrated vs. Dilute

The words “concentrated” and “dilute” are

opposites.
EX: The dark tea is more concentrated
than the light tea.
EX: The light tea is more dilute than the
dark tea.
Concentrated vs. Dilute

= solute particles

Dilute Concentrated
solution solution
Molarity

 Molarity (M)

moles of solute
Molarity 
Liters of solution

– UNITS: mol/L or Molar (M)

– Example: 0.500 mol/L = 0.500 M
Molarity

 What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 20.0 grams

of KNO3 (MM = 101.11 g/mol) is dissolved in enough
water to make 800. mL?
– Convert g of KNO3 to mol of KNO3
1 mol KNO 3
20.0 g KNO 3 x  0.198 mol KNO 3
101.11 g KNO 3

– Convert mL to L

0.001 L
800. mL x  0.800 L
1 mL
Molarity

 What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if

0.198 mol KNO3 is dissolved in enough water to
make 0.800 L?

0.198 mol KNO 3

Molarity   0.248 M
0.800 L
 Molarity

 What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 10.5 grams of

glucose (MM = 180.18 g/mol) is dissolved in enough water
to make 20.0 mL of sol’n?
– Convert g of glucose to mol of glucose.

1 mol glucose
10.5 g glucose x  0.0583 mol glucose
180.18 g glucose

– Convert mL to L.
0.001 L
20.0 mL x  0.0200 L
1 mL
 Molarity

 What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 0.0583 mol of

glucose is dissolved in enough water to make 0.0200 L of
sol’n?

0.0583 mol glucose

Molarity   2.92 M
0.0200 L
 Calculating Grams

 How many grams of KI (MM = 166.00 g/mol) are needed to prepare

25.0 mL of a 0.750 M solution?
– Convert mL to L.

0.001 L
25.0 mL x  0.0250 L
1 mL
– Solve for moles.

moles of KI
0.750 M x
0.0250 L
– moles of KI = 0.750 M x 0.0250 L = 0.0188 mol KI
 Calculating Grams

 How many grams of KI (MM = 166.00 g/mol) are needed to prepare

25.0 mL of a 0.750 M solution?
– Convert 0.0188 mol KI to grams.

166.00 g KI
0.0188 mol KI x  3.12 g KI
1 mol KI
Calculating Grams

How many grams of HNO3 (MM = 63.02

g/mol) are present in 50.0 mL of a 1.50 M
sol’n?
– Convert mL to L.
• 50.0 mL = 0.0500 L
– Solve for moles:
• moles = (1.50 M)(0.0500 L) = 0.0750 mol HNO3
– Convert 0.0750 mol HNO3 to grams:
• 0.0750 mol HNO3 = 4.73 g HNO3
Dilution

 Dilute (verb) - to add solvent to a solution.

– Decreases sol'n concentration.
– M1V1 = M2V2
• M1 = initial conc.
• V1 = initial volume
• M2 = final conc.
• V2 = final volume
– Assumes no solute is added.
Dilution

Stock Solution Usable

Impractically Add H2O
High Concentration Solution

Question for Consideration: Why do you

think chemical supply companies typically sell
acids (and other solutions) in extremely high
concentrations when it would be safer to ship
more dilute solutions?
Dilution

 To what volume should 40.0 mL of 18 M H2SO4 be

diluted if a concentration of 3.0 M is desired?
– What do we want to know?
• V2
– What do we already know?
• M1 = 18 M
• V1 = 40.0 mL
• M2 = 3.0 M
– (18 M)(40.0 mL) = (3.0 M)V2
– 720 M*mL = (3.0 M)V2
– V2 = 240 mL
Dilution
 You are asked to prepare 500. mL of 0.250 M HCl,
starting with a 12.0 Molar stock sol'n. How much stock
should you use?
– What do we want to know?
• V1
– What do we already know?
• M1 = 12.0 M
• M2 = 0.250 M
• V2 = 500. mL
– (12.0 M) V1 = (0.250 M)(500. mL)
– (12.0 M) V1 = 125 M*mL
– V1 = 10.4 mL
Dilution
 To how much water should you add 20.0 mL of 5.00 M
HNO3 to dilute it to 1.00 M?
– What do we want to know?
• How much water to add. (V2 - V1)
– What do we already know?
• M1 = 5.00 M
• V1 = 20.0 mL
• M2 = 1.00 M
– (5.00 M)(20.0 mL) = (1.00 M) V2
– 100. M*mL = (1.00 M) V2
– V2 = 100. mL
– Water added = 100. mL - 20.0 mL = 80. mL
Colligative Properties
Colligative properties are properties of
solutions that are affected by the number of
particles but not the identity of the solute