Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ship Construction
Ship Construction
Framing Systems
Double Bottom Construction
Stem & Stern Construction
Many, closely-
Transverse Framing: spaced Frames
Deck Beams tie
upper ends of
frames
Fewer, deeper &
more widely
spaced
Longitudinals …
Support Inner
Bottom & give
longitudinal
strength
Longitudinals
supporting Decks are called
(Deck) Girders
Additional Decks (supported by
Beams & Girders) increase
Transverse & Longitudinal strength
Transverse Bulkheads provide watertight boundaries, contribute significantly to
transverse strength, and provide vertical support for Decks
Many, closely-
Transverse Framing: spaced Frames
Advantages
Open, nearly rectangular interior space
Ideal for stowing large, irregular, break-bulk
items, or
Vehicles (Ro-Ro’s)
Disadvantages
Vertical support for decks requires more
closely spaced transverse bulkheads (hence
smaller compartments) or
Pillars (stanchions) or
Longitudinal bulkheads
Deep (Web)
Longitudinal Framing: Transverse Frames
Advantages
Widely spaced transverse bulkheads allow for
large (i.e., long) continuous cargo spaces
(“tanks”)
Ideal for stowing liquids (reduced free surface
effects)
Disadvantages
No large, open interior spaces
Difficult to load or unload break-bulk items
Difficult to stow large, irregular shaped items
Framing Systems:
Typically, most ships have some combination
of transverse & longitudinal framing
L L L L L L L L L L
Bulkhead STIFFENERS
TTTTT
UPPER TWEEN DECK
TTTTTTTTTTTT
Stringer
(LOWER) HOLD
Web Frame
Typical
Transverse
Frames
SECTION
FLOOR
VIEW
C
L PLAN VIEW
C
L
Double Bottom details:
Rider Inner Bottom Air- Margin
Plate (Tank Top) hole Plate
Frame
Bilge
Bilge
Center Limber Longitudinal well
Vertical Keel hole
“SOLID” FLOOR
Keel Outer Lightening
Plate Bottom hole
“F” Strake
(Bilge Strake)
“B” “C” “D” “E”
Strake Strake Strake Strake
Keel Garboard Strake
Strake (“A” strake)
Shell Plating details:
(Longitudinal) Rows of plating are called “strakes”
Welded horizontal joints between strakes are called seams
Welded vertical joints between plates in a given strake are
called butts
Strakes that do not run the entire ship length (as the hull
surface area decreases at the ends) are drop strakes
“K” Strake Sheer Strake
“J” Strake
Through
“H” Strake
drop
“G” Strake
Bilge (“F”) Strake
portholes
Hatch openings
below decks
Watertight doors
Stem Construction
Forward Wrapper
Collision Plate Stem
Wrapper Bulkhead
Decks
Plate Stem
Stringers
Vertical
Stem Post
Rope Lug
Locker
Rudder
Stock
After Stern
Peak Tube
Pintle
Tank Gudgeon
Rudder
Post UNBALANCED
Propeller RUDDER
Post SEMI-BALANCED RUDDER