HOPE AND WISH

USES IN CONTEXT
PART ONE
 USING HOPE
The verb hope is used to express:
 An event that possibly happened (Past).
 An event that will possibly happen (Future).

In other words, there is a chance for an event to be real.

 HOPE IN THE PAST
STRUCTURE FORMATION

In order to express a possibility in the past, the

following rule is followed:

**Subject + hope + that* + **subject + simple past

*The word “that” is optional in the sentence and can be

excluded from it without alterating its meaning.
** The subject can be the same person or two different
people.
 SOME EXAMPLES – N°1
Let´s analyze some sentences.

Antonio hopes (that) she enjoyed the party

Explanation: Subject Subject Simple past
This sentence expresses that Antonio does not know
if she enjoyed the party but there is a possibility that
it happened.
 SOME EXAMPLES – N°2

We hope (that) they got to the airport on time.

EXPLANATION
Subject Subject Simple past
According to the sentence, we as speakers are not sure if
they got to the airport on time but there is a possibility
for it
to be a real fact.
 HOPE IN THE FUTURE
STRUCTURE FORMATION

To express a possibility in the future, the following

rule is followed:

**Subject + hope + that* + **subject + could – base form

*The word “that” is optional in the sentence and can be excluded
from it without alterating its meaning.
**The subject can be the same person in both positions or two
different people.
 SOME EXAMPLES – N°1

Roger hopes (that) Sara could join the party.

EXPLANATION

Subject
In this sentence, Subject
Roger is not sure if Sara will Base form
join the party but the chance is there.
 SOME EXAMPLES – N°2

Katherine hopes (that) David could lend her some money.

EXPLANATION

Subjectdoes not knowSubject

Although Katherine if David will Base form
lend her some money, the event will probably
take place in the future.
 USING WISH
This verb is used to express that:
An event definitely did not happen.
An event definitely will not happen.

Therefore, it is not possible.

 WISH IN THE PAST
STRUCTURE FORMATION

When writing sentences with “wish” the order should be:

**Subject + wish + that* + **subject + past perfect

*It is not necessary to use the word “that”.
Omitting it does not cause any modification in the meaning of the
sentence.
** The subject can be the same person in both positions or two different
people.
 SOME EXAMPLES – N° 1

Veronica wishes (that) they had called her.

EXPLANATION
Subject Subject Past perfect
In this sentence, the event did not happen and it
is just a desire.
 WISH IN THE FUTURE
STRUCTURE FORMATION

If the speaker needs to express that something

definetely will not happen, the following formula
is used:

*The word “that” is optional in the sentence and can be excluded from it without
alterating its meaning.
**Subject
**The subject + wish
can be the same+person
that* +
in **subject + could
both positions + different
or two base form people.
 EXAMPLE N°1

Paul wishes (that) they could train next week.

EXPLANATION
Subject Subject Base form
In this case, the speaker means that they will not
train next week. Paul is just expressing a desire.